逍遥右脑 2014-03-23 13:52
2014高考英语理解巩固精品题练习（4）及答案
理解技法指导
2．推理
推理常见的命题方式有以下几种：
(1)We can know fro the passage that ______.
(2)We can infer fro the (first/last) passage that ______.
(3)The passage/author iplies/suggests that ______.
(4)It can be concluded fro the passage that ______.
(5)The underlined sentence indicates that ______.
(6)Fro the passage we can draw the conclusion that ______.
(7)The author sees to be in favor of/against ______.
(8)The author's purpose of writing this passage is ______.
(9)The author ay probably agree with/support ______.
(10)What's the author's attitude/view/point ______？
(11)How does the author feel about ______？
(12)In the author's opinion，______.
如：(2012?课标全国高考，D篇)
Grownups are often surprised by how well they reeber soething they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.A an who has not had a chance to go swiing for years can still swi as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He can get on a bicycle after any years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A other who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poe that begins “Twinkle，twinkle，little star” or reeber the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning，which can be stated as follows：Once we have learned soething，additional learning trials increase the length of tie we will reeber it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swiing，bicycle riding，and playing baseball long after we have learned the.We continue to listen to and reind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle，twinkle，little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks.We not only learn but overlearn.
The ultiplication tables(口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school，because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why craing(突击学习) for an exaination，though it ay result in a passing grade，is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.By craing，a student ay learn the subject well enough to get by on the exaination，but he is likely soon to forget alost everything he learned.A little overlearning，on the other hand，is really necessary for one's future developent.
68．The author explains the law of overlearning by ______.
A．presenting research findings
B．setting down general rules
C．aking a coparison
D．using exaples
剖析：D 推理判断题。作者在第二段中解释了the law of overlearning，接着在第三、四段通过具体的实例来对此进行说明。故选D项。
70．What is the author's opinion on craing?
A．It leads to failure in college exas.
B．It's helpful only in a liited way.
C．It's possible to result in poor eory.
D．It increases students' learning interest.
剖析：B 推理判断题。由最后一段第一句可知，虽然突击学习可能在通过考试的分数上起一定作用，但是对于学习大学课程来说却不是一种令人满意的方法。由此推出，在作者看来突击学习的作用是有一定局限性的。故选B项。
这类题目单从材料的字面意思中是找不到答案的，这就要求考生必须仔细阅读，了解文中的全部信息或事实，透彻理解的深层含义，运用归纳、综合、推理的逻辑思维方法，将已述和未述的含义结合起来思考，判断人物的动机、目的和性格特征，理顺事件发生的顺序或前因后果，从而找到答案。
C7[2013?北京卷] C
Does Fae Drive You Crazy?
Although being faous ight sound like a drea coe true, today's stars, feeling like zoo anials, face pressures that few of us can iagine. They are at the center of uch of the world's attention. Paparazzi (狗仔队) cap outside their hoes, caeras ready. Tabloids (小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just iagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature!
According to psychologist Christina Villarreal, celebrities―faous people―worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing theselves the way their fans iagine the, not as the people they were before everyone knew their naes. “Over tie，” Villarreal says, “they feel separated and alone.”
The phenoenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century BC, painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his adirers. When Charles Dickens visited Aerica in the 19th century, his sold－out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading hi to coplain(抱怨) about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about fil－stars in uch the sae way that odern tabloids and websites do.
Being a public figure today, however, is a lot ore difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot ove about without worrying about photographers with odern caeras. When they say soething silly or do soething ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in inutes and keep their “story” alive forever.
If fae is so troublesoe, why aren't all celebrities running away fro it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it. Soe stars stay cal by surrounding theselves with trusted friends and faily or by escaping to reote places away fro big cities. They focus not on how faous they are but on what they love to do or whatever ade the faous in the first place.
Soeties a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often coplain about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being faous already.
63．It can be learned fro the passage that stars today ________．
A. are often isunderstood by the public
B. can no longer have their privacy protected
C. spend too uch on their public appearance
D. care little about how they have coe into fae
64．What is the ain idea of Paragraph 3?
A. Great heroes of the past were generally adired.
B. The proble faced by celebrities has a long history.
C. Well－known actors are usually targets of tabloids.
D. Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.
65．What akes it uch harder to be a celebrity today?
A. Availability of odern edia.
B. Inadequate social recognition.
C. Lack of favorable chances.
D. Huge population of fans.
66．What is the author's attitude toward odern celebrity?
A. Sincere.
B. Sceptical.
C. Disapproving.
D. Sypathetic.
【要点综述】 本文主要论述名人的烦恼，涉及名人的压力、与世界的隔离、历史由来、现在的状况，最后提出了解决名人烦恼的办法。
63．B 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，名人几乎难有隐私。所以选B。
64．B 段落大意题。第三段主要讲名人烦恼的历史由来。所以选B。
65．A 细节理解题。根据第四段caeras、the Internet等可知选A。
66．D 观点态度题。作者对于名人的压力、存在状况是非常同情的。所以选D。sincere真挚的；sceptical怀疑的；disapproving不赞成的；sypathetic同情的。
阅读理解技法指导
3．主旨大意题
主旨大意题常见的命题方式有以下几种：
(1)The best title/headline for this passage is ______.
(2)The passage(or the first paragraph)is ainly about ______.
(3)What is the ain idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage?
(4)Which of the following titles best suarizes the ain idea of the passage?
(5)The passage chiefly discusses/deals with ______.
(6)Which of the following best states the thee of the passage?
(7)The passage ainly tells us that ______.
(8)Which of the following can best su up the passage?
(9)What's the best/ost suitable title of this text/passage?
如：(2012?湖南高考，C篇)
Harvard researchers have created a tough，lowcost，biodegradable (可生物降解的) aterial inspired by insects' hard outer shells.The aterial's inventors say it has a nuber of possible uses and soeday could provide a ore environentally friendly alternative to plastic.The aterial，ade fro shrip (虾) shells and proteins produced fro silk，is called “shrilk.” It is thin，clear，flexible and strong.
A ajor benefit of the aterial is its biodegradability.Plastic's toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in aterials science during the 1950s and '60s.Decades later，however，plastic's very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for onetie products such as plastic bags，or shortlived consuer goods，used in the hoe for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries.What is the point of aking soething that lasts 1,000 years?
Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill，but its basic coponents are used as fertilizer(肥料)，and so will enrich the soil.
Shrilk has great potential，the inventors said.aterials fro which it is ade are plentiful in nature，found in everything ranging fro shrip shells，insect bodies to living plants.That akes shrilk low cost，and its ass production possible should it be used for products deanding a lot of aterial.
Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab.The inventors said the aterial becoes flexible when wet，so they're exploring ways to use it in wet environents.They're also developing sipler production processes，which could be used for nonedical products，like for coputer cases and other products inside the hoe.They're even exploring cobining it with other aterials，like carbon fibers，to give it new properties.
66．Paragraph 1 of the passage is ainly about shrilk's ______.
A．rearkable design
B．interesting nae
C．ajor features
D．basic eleents
剖析：C 主旨大意题。第一段中主要介绍哈佛大学发明的这种新型材料其灵感来自于动物的外壳，其用途广泛，低耗环保，是塑料的替代品。它由虾壳及丝蛋白制成，因此被命名为“shrilk”，其特点是轻薄、透明、柔韧、结实。不难看出这里介绍的是这种新材料的主要特性，其他选项过于片面。故C项正确。
70．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．Recent Progress in Environental Protection
B．Benefits of Insects in Scientific Research
C．The Har of Onetie Products
D．A Possible Alternative to Plastic
剖析：D 主旨大意题。本文为科技说明文，开篇点题，介绍了这种可替代塑料的新型材料的性能等问题，所以D项适合。
这类题目要求在理解全文的情况下归纳要点，对全文的中心思想进行概括、总结和评价。考生需要分析的篇章结构，认真阅读的第一段或每段的第一个句子或最后一句，抓住开头的主题句或最后的结论，弄清作者的写作意图，综合归纳各段要点以把握的主题或大意，从而找出能概括主旨或中心思想的标题。
阅读理解技法指导
4．词义猜测题
词义猜测题常见的命题方式有以下几种：
(1)The word “...” in the passage eans ______.
(2)The word “...” could be best replaced by ______.
(3)Which of the following is nearest/closest in eaning to ______.
(4)The word “...” probably refers to ______.
(5)According to the passage，the word “...” is known as ______.
如：(2012?课标全国高考，A篇)
Are you looking for soe new and exciting places to take your kids to？Try soe of these places：
?Visit art useus.They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids' interest.any offer workshops for aking handade pieces，traveling exhibits，book signings(签名) by children's favorite writers，and even usical perforances and other arts.
?Head to a natural history useu.This is where kids can discover the past fro dinosaur odels to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky.Also，ask what kind of workshops and educational progras are prepared for kids and any special events that are coing up.
?Go to a Youtheater.Look for one in your area offering plays for child and faily visitors.Preshow play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about perforing arts.Puppet(木偶) aking and stage akeup are just a couple of the special offerings you ight find.
?Try handson_science.Visit one of the any handson science useus around the country.These science playlands are great fun for kids and grownups alike.They'll keep your child entally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons，experienting，and building.When everyone is tired，enjoy a fun faily science show，coonly found in these useus.
58．What does “handson science” ean in the last paragraph?
A．Science gaes designed by kids.
B．Learning science by doing things.
C．A show of kids' science work.
D．Reading science books.
剖析：B 词义猜测题。由“Try handson science.”部分倒数第二句中的“...while pushing buttons，experienting，and building.”可知，在这个博物馆里，孩子和成年人都可以动手操作。故handson science是指“通过做事情而学习科学知识”。故选B项。
英语词汇具有多义性，同一种意思可有不同的表达方式。词义猜测题要求对短文中某些词、词组或句子作出解释。
做题时，一定要在理解全文的基础上，判断词语在文中的确切含义，决不可脱离原文进行解释，要从被考查词汇所处的语境和上下文的联系进行分析。如果出现this is，that is to say或破折号等，我们可以断定，后面的内容是对前面内容的解释；如果出现but，however，yet以及表示相反结果的on the contrary，on the other hand等，我们可以从画线词语的相反意义去考虑。
阅读理解误区警示
1．细节理解题易错点
(2012?江苏高考，A篇)
What Would You Want ost on a Desert Island?
This onth's survey shows people worldwide have a natural understanding of what they would need ost if left alone on a desert island：Another person.And one they know well.Respondents(调查对象) in all 16 countries surveyed said their spouse(配偶) or partner would be their first choice to have with the.Perhaps this akes sense：An P3 player can't help you find drinking water，your dog can't help you start a fire and who knows if George Clooney or Penélope Cruz has taken courses in wilderness survival training？Let's just hope the SOS sign you two build gets spotted sooner rather than later!
Spouse/Partner
82% of the South African woen surveyed would ost want their husband/partner with the，while just 45% of the Indian woen surveyed agreed.
Clooney/Cruz
27% of Russian en surveyed would want a celebrity(名人) along.Only 2% of the exican en agreed.Less than 18% of woen worldwide chose this option.
P3 Player
This was second choice overall，particularly aong alaysian en，with 32% saying they'd ost want an P3 player with their favorite songs.Just 5% each of Australian and Aerican en agreed.
Dog
In France,28% of respondents older than 45 would ost want to be left alone with their dog，while not a single Russian or alaysian in that age group surveyed would ost want Fido along.
56．According to the survey，people left alone on a desert island would ost want their ______.
A．P3 player B．dog
C．spouse/partner D．celebrity
【错混透析】C 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，留在孤岛上的人最需要一个熟悉的人，16个国家的被调查对象表示他们的第一选择是他们的配偶或伙伴。
58．The survey results are analyzed in ters of the respondents' ______.
A．sex，age and nationality B．race，nationality and sex
C．arriage，age and race D．age，sex and arriage
【错混透析】A 细节理解题。被调查的对象有42岁、28岁、25岁的，有女性，也有俄罗斯、墨西哥、澳大利亚和美国的男性，并且来自16个国家，所以答案为A项。
C7[2013?福建卷] E
A ENTORING (导师制) progra is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.
Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide entoring sessions for students and uneployed young adults aged 11 to 21.
Alex Goldberg, the progra's founder, said：“We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.
“We try to create work experience opportunities that will really ake a difference to our youth. For exaple, we've secured internships (实习) with world－faous firs such as Honda.
“At a tie of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it ore and ore difficult to offer this kind of entoring, it is extreely iportant that these opportunities are available both to help youth with their school work and grades and to give the opportunities which ay help shape their futures.” Kieran Hepburn, 14, is one of a group of Banbury youth who has benefited fro the progra so far. In October the Banbury School pupil was accopanied by Young Inspirations staff to Paris where he was an observer at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO) International Youth Foru (论坛)．
The event was held for young people fro around the world, to seek their views on how the future of youth and education should look. Kieran joined several hundred observers ostly in their 20s and was the only UK school pupil to attend the event. Kieran thinks the trip was a life changing experience. “Before we left I didn't quite know what to ake of it but when we got there we didn't stop; it was aazing，” he said, “We went to three or four hours of debates each day and then did soething cultural each afternoon.”
The ain thee of the foru was how youth can drive change in political and public life. It dealt with issues (问题) such as drug abuse, violence and uneployent.
Kieran said: “It has really helped e to iprove y confidence and social skills as well as y school grades and I was voted ost iproved pupil at school in August.”
The Young Inspirations entoring sessions take place each Friday in Banbury. For details visit wwyounginspirations.co.
71．The Young Inspirations entoring progra ais to ________．
A. train staff for world－faous firs
B. offer job opportunities to young adults
C. provide youth with unique experiences
D. equip the uneployed with different skills
72．According to Alex Goldberg, it is difficult for schools to offer the entoring due to ________．
A. the lack of support fro firs
B. the cultural differences
C. the effect of uneployent
D. the shortage of oney
73．According to the passage, the foru focused on how youth can ________．
A. build up their confidence at school
B. find work experience opportunities
C. iprove their social skills for the future
D. play an active role in the change of society
74．We can learn fro the passage that ________．
A．the visit to the United Kingdo was aazing
B．Kieran has ade great progress in any aspects
C．the youth have found a way to solve their probles
D．the entoring sessions are held every day except Friday
75．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Alex Goldberg, Founder of Young Inspirations
B．Young People Find a World of Opportunity
C．Kieran, Banbury School Pupil to Paris
D．Debates Help Youth with Their Grades
【要点综述】 本文通过介绍“导师制”项目及参与该项目学生的自我评述和总结，说明社会实践有利于学生们学业的提高和视野的扩大，用具体事例说明参与社会实践的好处。
71．C 推理判断题。纵观全文，多处说到该项目的目的是为学生提供社会实践的机会，帮助学生们提高学业成绩和丰富社会经验，故答案应为C。
72．D 细节理解题。根据第五段 “At a tie of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it ore and ore difficult to offer this kind of entoring…” 可知，学校是因为资金不足而未能组织学生参加社会实践活动。cutback 削减。
73．D 细节理解题。选项A、B和C都只是论坛关注的一个方面而非全部，选项D是对A、B和C的全面概括。
74．B 细节理解题。从后半部分可以看出，Kieran认为自己在许多方面均取得很大的进步，其他选项均不符合原文意思。
75．B 主旨大意题。学生们通过社会实践找到了提高成绩和丰富经验的机会。只有选项B最能概括中心意思，其他选项都不够全面。