逍遥右脑 2013-04-03 22:37
2012届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修四odule 3
知识详解
1 involve vt. 包括；涉及；使参与
(回归本P22)Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person，but they always involve the hands.
亚洲人打招呼是不包括接触他人身体的，但经常会用到手。
归纳总结
例句探
①Every day each of us makes decisions that involve taking a chance.
每天我们每个人作出的决定都包含碰运气的成分。
②(牛津P1078)I was so involved in my book that I didn’t hear you knock.
我全神贯注在看书，没听到你敲门。
③Don’t involve me in your quarrel.
不要把我卷入你们的争吵。
④ost people don’t realize the amount of effort that is involved in writing a novel.
大多数人都不明白写一本小说要花多少心血。
即境活用
1．All the children were ________in the school English competition held on Sunday.
A．attended B．joined
C．involved D．connected
解析：选C。句意为“所有的孩子都参加了学校星期天的英语竞赛”。注意题中使用了被动结构，A、B首先被排除；D项常见的搭配是be connected to或be connected with，不与介词in搭配；be involved in...“参加了……”。
2.________in reading the book all evening，he took no notice of everything.
A．Involving B．Involved
C．Involve D．To involve
解析：选B。be involved in doing sth.表示“专心于干某事”，故B项正确。
2 deal n． 协议，交易
v． 经营；买卖；处理
(回归本P22)We shake hands when we make a deal.
达成了协议，我们就握握手。
归纳总结
例句探
①(高考大纲全国卷Ⅰ)They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with their affairs.
他们既学习如何经营咖啡店，也学习如何处理自己的事务。
②He knew a good deal more than I did.
他懂得比我多很多。
③The company has made a new deal with a buyer in America.
这家公司与美国的一位买主做了一笔新生意。
易混辨析
do with ，deal with
在表示“处理，对待”时，do with和deal with在陈述句中可以互相替换。但是在特殊疑问句中，表示“怎么处理，怎么对待”时，用法不同。
即do with中，do是及物动词，其后需接宾语，而deal with中deal是不及物动词，其后不能接宾语。
①Last summer I took a course on what to do with poisonous gases.
＝Last summer I took a course on how to deal with poisonous gases.
②What do you do with the difficulties you face?
＝How do you deal with the difficulties you face?
即境活用
3．—Take it；it is really a bargain.You won’t get a cheaper one in this world.
—O，it’s a ________.
A．price B．prize C．deal D．truth
解析：选C。考查名词词义。根据语境可知“买卖成交”，因此用deal。而price“价格”；prize“奖品”；truth“事实”，都与语境不符，故答案为C。
4.The classroom is very noisy，but the green headteacher doesn’t know________.
A．how to do with it B．what to deal with it C．how to deal with it D．what to do with
解析：选C。“怎样处理某事”有两种表达方式：ho..deal with sth.和what...do with sth.，故选择C。
3 favour(favor) n． 帮助，恩惠，赞成，关心，偏袒
v． 支持；喜爱；偏袒，有助于
(回归本P28)Can I ask you a favour?
我能请你帮个忙吗？
归纳总结
例句探
①Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today?
今天你能帮我个忙去学校接姆吗？
②She always favours her youngest child.
她总是偏爱她最小的孩子。
③(朗P694)She’s very much in favour with the management at the moment.
她目前很受管理层的喜爱。
④Yet polls still show a narrow majority of Europeans in favour of taking in more countries.
可是民意调查显示依然有过半数的欧洲人同意接纳更多的国家。
即境活用
5．A fashion ________this year may be ________next year.
A．out of favour；into favour
B．in favour；out of favour
C．in favour of；of favour
D．to favour；out of favour
解析：选B。in favour“受欢迎的，流行的”；out of favour“失宠的，不受欢迎的”。
4 request vt. 请求；要求
n． 请求；要求；邀请
(回归本P28)r.and rs.Harry Blunkett request the pleasure of your company at the wedding of...
哈里•布伦基特夫妇诚邀您光临……的婚礼。
归纳总结
①You are requested not to speak aloud in the reading room.
你不要在阅览室大声喧哗。
②The staff immediately requested that he reconsider his decision.
员工立即要求他重新考虑他的决定。
③(朗P1737)They have made an urgent request for international aid.
他们紧急要求国际援助。
④Further details will be sent on request.
详细资料承索即寄。
⑤He was there at the request of his manager.
他按照经理的要求到了那里。
6．(高考湖北卷)Duty is an act or a course of action that people________you to take by social customs，law or religion.
A．persuade B．request C．instruct D．expect
解析：选D。句意：所谓职责，是人们希望通过社会习俗、法律或宗教而让我们采取的一种行为或行动方式。本题考查动词辨析。expect sb.to do sth.“期待/盼望某人做某事”，符合题意和搭配。request sb.to do sth.表示“(以口头或书面形式)要求，(尤指)请求某人做某事”，如：I requested him to help.我请求他帮忙。persuade sb.to do sth.说服或劝说某人做某事；instruct sb.to do sth.“吩咐/命令/指导某人做某事”，都不符合句意。
7.The newly¬founded chess club formaly ________us to attend the opening ceremony.
A．requested B．required C．demanded D．commanded
解析：选A。request 常用于正式场合的请求。句意为：这家新成立的象棋俱乐部正式邀请我们参加开幕式。
5 give away 暴露(自己的情况)；泄露；赠送；颁发
(回归本P22)People give away much more by their gestures than by their words.
人们通过姿势表达的意思要比通过话语表达得更多。
归纳总结
①(朗P874)He said he hadn’t told her, but his face gave him away.
他说他没有告诉她，但是他的表情说明他在说谎。
②He gave away most of his money to charity.
他把大部分钱都捐赠给慈善事业了。
③The headmaster gave away the prizes at the sports meeting.
校长在运动会上颁发奖品。
④They argued back and forth until finally Jack gave in.
他们反复争论，直到最后杰克让步为止。
⑤I was so frightened that my legs gave out，and I reached for the door.
我吓得两腿发软，便伸手去扶门。
8.If a person has not had enough sleep，his actions will give him________during the day.
A．away B．up C．in D．back
解析：选A。句意是：如果一个人没有足够的睡眠，在白天，他的行为就会表露出。此句要用give away表示“泄漏；出卖”；give up放弃；give in屈服；让步；give back收回。
9．(江苏启东中学)—As an old customer，would you ________some books for free to us?
—No problem.We’d love to.
A．pay off B．call off C．give away D．put away
解析：选C。give away 解释为“送掉，分发；泄露，出卖……”；A解释为“还清债；结清账；努力等有报偿”；B解释为“叫(狗或人)走开(以停止攻击)；取消”；D解释为“把……收起，放好，储存备用”。这里的意思是“免费送一些书给我们”，所以选C。
6 hold up 举起，抬起；阻碍；使停顿；支撑
(回归本P22)One person then holds up his hand，palm outwards and five fingers spread.
然后一个人举起他的手，手掌向外，五指张开。
①Our flight was held up by fog.
我们的班机因有雾而停航。
②The roof is held up by pillars.
屋顶是由柱子支撑着的。
③Please hold up your hands if you have any questions.
如果有问题，请举手。
10．It’s a pity that the building of the new road has been ________by bad weather.
A．held out B．held on C．held to D．held up
解析：D。句意为“很遗憾，新路的建造因恶劣的天气而受到阻滞”。hold up“延迟，阻碍”；hold out“给予，支持”；hold on“坚持；抓住”。
11.I missed seeing my brother off at the airport because my car was ________in a traffic jam.
A．broken up B．lifted up C．held up D．kept up
解析：选C。hold up“停滞”；break up“分解”；lift up“提升”；keep up“保持”。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 Although these are very important，we communicate with more than just spoken and written words.(P22)
虽然这些很重要，但我们并不只是用口语和书面语进行交流。
【句法分析】 (1)more than＋数词，表示“超过，多于”，相当于over。
more than＋形容词，表示“很”或“非常”的意思。
(2)在“more...than...”中，第一个意思是表比较，可译为“比……更”；第二个意思是肯定“more”后面的而否定“than”后面的，可译为“是……而不是……，与其……不如……”。
(3)no more than＋名词或基数词，意思是“不过；仅仅；只有”，相当于only。有感情色彩，侧重数量少。而“not more than＋基数词”，表示“至多，不超过”，相当于at most，只是指出数量或程度，没有感情色彩。
①I’m more than happy to take you there in my car.
我非常高兴用车把你送去。
②There were more than 100 people at the party.
有100多个人参加聚会。
③The consequence was much more than he imagined.
结果远远超过他的想像。
④The new edition is not more expensive than the old one.
新版本不比旧版本贵。
⑤China Daily is more than a newspaper.It helps to improve our English.
《中国日报》不仅仅是一种报纸，它还有助于提高我们的英语水平。
⑥His whole education added up to no more than one year.
他所接受的全部学校教育加起不超过一年。
12．(高考浙江卷)It took________building supplies to construct these energy¬saving houses.It took brains，too.
A．other than B．more than
C．rather than D．less than
解析：选B。句意：建造这些节能住宅不仅仅需要供给建筑材料，还需要才智。more than意为“不仅仅”。other than常用于否定句，相当于but；rather than而不是；less than少于。
13.—Do you need any help，Lucy?
—Yes.The job is ________I could do myself.
A．less than B．more than
C．no more than D．not more than
解析：选B。句意：——你需要帮忙吗，露西？——需要，这项工作我自己做不。A项意为“少于”；B项意为“多于”；C项意为“仅仅(only)”；D项意为“不多于”。
2【教材原句】 Indeed，body positions are part of what we call“body language”．(P22)
实际上，身体的身势就是我们所说的“身势语”的一部分。
【句法分析】 what是连接代词，引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，常含有事情、状况、言语、时间和地点的意思。如：
①What made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
使学校骄傲的是90%的学生被重点大学录取。(what表示事情)
②The city is not what it used to be.
这个城市不再是先前的模样了。(what表示状况)
③We were all confused by what he said just no
我们都对他刚才所说的话困惑不解了。(what表示言语)
④After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
好像过了几个小时之后，他面带苦笑地走了出。(what表示时间)
⑤They finally reached what is called America no
他们终于到了现在被叫做美洲的地方。(what表示地点)
14．(高考北京卷)________some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.
A．Whether B．What
C．That D．How
解析：选B。句意：一些人认为是劣势的东西而另外许多人则会把它当作优势。本题考查主语从句。从句中谓语动词regard后面缺少宾语，应用what作宾语并引导从句。
15.(高考北京卷)I want to be liked and loved for________I am inside.
A．who B．where
C．what D．how
解析：选C。句意：我希望因为我自己的内在品质而被别人喜欢和爱戴。本题考查宾语从句的引导词。根据题干，空格前为介词，构成介宾结构，引导词what放于从句中am后面作表语，意为“我是一个什么样的人”，故选择C项。