逍遥右脑 2013-03-02 23:50
Unit 3 Travel journal
语言要点
单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇
部分词语
辨析1. finally/at last/in the end
2. across/through/over
3. persuade / advise
4. beneath / under / below
词形
变化1. organize vt. 组织organized adj. 有组织的organization n. 组织
2. wool n. 羊毛woolen adj. 毛纺的; 纯毛的
3. determine v. 决定 determined adj. 坚决的determination n. 决心; 坚定性
重点
单词1. prefer v. 更喜欢，选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）
2. persuade v. 说服；劝说
3. insist v. 坚持
4. determine v. 决定；确定；下定决心
重点
词组7.care about 关心，在乎 go through 经历；经受
8.give in 屈服，让步，投降；上交
9.change one’s mind 改变主意
重点句子1. It was my sister who/that first had the idea to cycle along the entire ekong River. 首先想到沿湄公河骑车旅游的是我姐姐。（强调句）
2. She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.
她坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。
重点语法现在进行时表示将 （见语法部分）
I 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. finally/at last/in the end
【解释】
finally 有两个意思，一是在按顺序列举事物或论点时引出最后一项内容，“最后，末了”；二是表示“在经过很长时间之后才，终于。” 另外，finally 一般位于动词前。
at last强调经过一番努力
in the end强调经过许多困难、变化之后，事情才发生
at last和in the end 同finally 的第二个意思
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). The war lasted four years before the North won _______________.
2). Your idea will turn out right _________.
3). ______, I want to thank you for helping me.
eys: 1). in the end/ at last 2). in the end 3). Finally
2. across/through/over
【解释】
across 表示从表面上横穿，横跨
through 表示穿过空间内部
over 表示“越过”，指从较高物体的一侧到另一侧
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
The Great Wall winds its way ____high mountains, ___ deep valleys and ___ great
deserts.
eys:over…through…across
3. persuade / advise
【解释】
persuade 指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事。强调劝说已收到成效。
advise 并不涉及是否有成效
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). Some of us ________ him to change his mind but no one could _________ him to do so.
eys: 1). advised…persuade
4. beneath / under / below
【解释】
beneath 书面用词，指紧挨……之下
under 普通用词，指在某物的正下方
below 指位置低于某物或在某物下方，但不一定在正下方， 所指范围较宽
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). Write your name _______ the line.
2). They found the body buried a pile of leaves.
3). They stood ________ a big tree.
eys: 1). below2). beneath3). under
II 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. organize vt. 组织organized adj. 有组织的organization n. 组织
2. wool n. 羊毛woolen adj. 毛纺的; 纯毛的
3. determine v. 决定 determined adj. 坚决的determination n. 决心; 坚定性
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1) He's involved in the _______ of a new club. (organize)
2) She’s a highly ________ person. (organize)
3）She _______ the class into four groups. (organize)
4）These goats are specially bred for their _______. (wool)
5）Those are _______ blankets (wool)
6）His father is a leader with courage and _________. (determine)
7) She will ________ how it is to be done. (determine)
8) I'm ________ to succeed. (determine)
eys: 1) organization2) organized3) organized4) wool
5) woolen 6) determination7) determine8) determined
Ⅲ 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. prefer v. （preferred/preferring） 更喜欢，选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）
[典例]
1). I prefer dogs to cats. 猫狗之中我更喜欢狗。
2). I prefer speaking the truth to lying. 我宁愿讲实话而不愿说谎。
3). Would you prefer that we put off our wedding till next mouth? 你是否更愿意把我们的婚礼推迟到下个月？
[重点用法]
prefer sth../doingprefer A to B
prefer doing A to doing Bprefer (sb.) to do (rather than do)
prefer that-clause
[练习] 中译英
1). 比起乘坐拥挤的公共汽车，他宁愿骑自行车。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 玛丽更愿意我在外面等她。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1). Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.
2). ary prefers me to wait for her outside.
2. persuade v. 说服；劝说
[典例]
1). We persuaded him to take the job / into taking the job. 我们说服了他接受这份工作。
2). y mother finally persuaded me not to go to the party / out of going to the party.
妈妈最终说服我不参加这次聚会。
3). How can I persuade you of my sincerity？ 我如何能让你相信我是真诚的？
4). I am almost persuaded that he is honest. 我几乎相信了他是诚实的。
[重点用法]
persuade sb. to do sth.= persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb. out of sth./doing sth. 劝阻某人做某事
persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
persuade that-clause 使某人相信...
[练习] 中译英
1）他正试图说服他的朋友放弃抽烟。
2) 我们使亨利相信是他错了。
3) 我几乎相信他是诚实的。
ey：1) He is trying to persuade his friends to give up smoking.
2) We persuaded Harry that he was wrong.
3)I am almost persuaded of his honesty.
3. insist v. 坚持
[典例]
You can come back later, if you insist. 如果你一定要坚持，你就稍后再吧。
[重点用法]
insist on/upon sth./( sb’s) doing 坚持某事/要求（某人）做某事
I still insist on my viewpoint. 我仍然坚持我的观点。
He insisted on paying for the meal. 他坚持要付饭钱。
other insisted on our washing the clothes by ourselves. 妈妈坚决要求我们自己洗衣服。
[练习] 选择填空
1). The man insisted _______ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding
2). I insist that a doctor _______ immediately.
A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for
3). Some people insisted that the person _____ a thief and insisted that he _____ to the police station.
A. was; be taken B. was, would be taken
C. should be; should be taken D. be; be taken
eys: 1). C 2). D3). A
4. determine v. 决定；确定；下定决心
[典例]
1). Attitude determines everything. 态度决定一切。
2). We determined to go to the railway station at once. 我们决定立刻去火车站。
3). I wonder what determined her to marry him in the end. 我想知道是什么使她最终下决心嫁给他的。
4). The court determined that the man was guilty of robbery. 法庭裁定那个人犯了抢劫罪。
[重点用法]
determine on/upon (doing) sth.determine + n.
determine to do sth.determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下定决心做某事
determine + that-clause
adj. be determined to do sth.
[练习] 中译英
1). 你决定好暑假做什么了吗？
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 她决心要上哈佛大学。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1). Have you determined what to do in the summer holidays?
2).She was determined to go to Harvard University.
Ⅳ 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. care about 关心，在乎
[典例]
1). The only thing he cares about is money. 他唯一在乎的东西就是金钱。
2). Family members should always care about each other. 一家人应该互相关心。
[短语归纳]
care for 喜欢（多用于否定、疑问句）；照顾
I don’t care for coffee. 我不喜欢喝咖啡。
Could you help care for my child when I am out？ 我外出时能帮忙照顾下我的孩子吗？
[练习] 中译英
1). 她关心的只是她的社交活动。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他深深地爱着她。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1). All she cares about is her social life.
2). He cares for her deeply.
2. give in 屈服，让步，投降；上交
[典例]
1). Seeing that he could not persuade me, he had to give in (to my view). 由于无法说服我，他不得不认输。
2). It’s time to give in your examination papers. 到了交试卷的时间了。
[短语归纳]
give in (to sb./sth.) 向…让步give up sth./doing 放弃（做）某事
give away 赠送；泄露 give back 归还；恢复
give off 放出，散发(光、热、烟、气味等) give over 交付
give out vt. 分配；分发；发布 vi.（食物，燃料，电力等）用光；筋疲力尽
[练习] 用 give 构成的短语的适当形式填空。
1). When will the food supplied of our enemy________.
2). He intended to________ a large amount of money to the Project Hope.
3). Because of his low salary, he had to _________ his dream trip to Europe.
eys: 1). give out2). give away3). give up
3. change one’s mind 改变主意
make up one’s mind (to do) 下定决心（做某事）
[典例]
1). aybe you’ll change your mind after thinking it over. 也许你仔细考虑之后会改变主意。
2). I have made up my mind to leave, and nothing you say will change it. 我已经下定决心，不管你说什么我都不会改主意了。
[短语归纳]
与mind 有关的常用短语
have a/no mind to do 有/无意做lose one’s mind 失去理智
read one’s mind 看出某人的心思speak one’s mind 直言不讳
be of the same mind 意见一致be in/of two minds 拿不定主意
give one’s mind to 注意…keep one’s mind on 专心于…
take one’s mind off sth. 转移某人的注意力bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事
bring/call sth. to mind 回忆某事put sb. in mind of sth. 使某人想起某事
[练习] 中译英
1). 我决心当医生。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 任何事情都不能使我改变主意。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1). I've made up my mind to be a doctor.
2). Nothing will make me change my mind.
V重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. It was my sister who/that first had the idea to cycle along the entire ekong River. 首先想到沿湄公河骑车旅游的是我姐姐。
[解释] 强调句型 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分。被强调部分可以是原句的主语、宾语、状语、从句。
强调主语：
It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or what you are.
关键是你的工作能力而不是你从哪或你是谁。
强调宾语：
It was ichael that/who I gave this ticket to. 我把这张票给了麦克。
强调时间状语：
It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
大约600年前，第一个有钟面和时针的钟诞生了。
强调地点状语：
It was in Brooklyn that Beckham first met Victoria, so they named their first son Brooklyn.
布鲁克林是贝克汉姆和维多利亚第一次相遇的地方，所以他们给第一个儿子取名布鲁克林。
强调从句：
It was because he is in critical condition that the doctor decided to operate on him.
医生之所以决定为他动手术，是因为他病情危险。
[练习] 中译英
1). 我把这张票给了麦克。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 医生之所以决定为他动手术，是因为他病情危险。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys:
1). It was ichael that/who I gave this ticket to.
2). It was because he is in critical condition that the doctor decided to operate on him.
2. She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.
[解释]insist + that-clause
insist 意为“坚持要求（做某事）”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用should do的形式, should可省略；而insist 意为“坚持认为，坚持某种观点”时，宾语从句的动词时态根据具体的语境变化，不用虚拟语气。
He insisted that he hadn’t made a mistake. 他坚持认为自己没有犯错。
The bodyguards insisted that the president (should) keep away from the crowd for the sake of safety. 出于安全考虑，护卫人员坚决要求总统远离人群。
suggest (建议)，demand (要求)，require (要求)，request (请求)，order (命令)等动词的宾语从句也常用 “(should) do” 表示虚拟语气。
[练习] 中译英
1). 我坚决要求你立刻采取行动把事情处理好。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他反应冷淡表明他并不喜欢这个主意。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys:
1). I insist on your taking/insist that you take immediate action to put this right.
2). His cool response suggested that he didn't like the idea.
要点（模块）
1词汇等填空（旨在复习本中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Wang un and his sister Wang wei had a dream 1 taking a bike trip along the ekong River. They began their trip from 2 it begins to where it ends. Wang Wei was so stubborn that 3 she was 4 ( 决心) to do something , nothing could 5 her mind. So though Wang un had different idea about the trip but he had to give 6 .
The ekong River begins at a glacier on a Tibetan mountain 7 an altitude of more than 5,000 metres. It passes 8 deep valleys, 9 (travel) 10 western Yunnan Province and finally flows into the South China Sea.
答案：1. of/about2. where3. once4. determined5. change6. in7. with8. through9. traveling10. across
2大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读，试着用30个单词概括大意或翻译下面短。
王昆和他的姐姐沿着媚公河骑自行车游览。他们对媚公河的地理环境和沿途风景作了详尽的描写。
The passage is about_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The passage is about Wang un and his sister cycling along the ekong River and they gave a detailed description of the river including its geographical situation and the scenery along the river.
3佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）
1.【原句】It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire ekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 首先想到要沿着湄公河从头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。
[模仿要点] 句子结构： 强调句 It is /was + 强调部分+ that/who…
【模仿1】正是树的绿荫保护我们免于太阳的照射，使我们精力更加充沛。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is the green shade from the trees that protect us from the sun, making us feel more energetic.
【模仿2】一直到奥运会在中国举行，世界才充分领略了中国化的魅力。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is not until the 29th Olympic Games were hosted in China that the world completely experience the charm of Chinese culture.
[模仿要点] 句子结构：定语从句where 的用法
【模仿3】他在他出生和成长的地方投资了一家车厂，年产10万汽车
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：He invested a car factory where he was born and grew up, which produced 10,000 cars per year.
【模仿4】在很难找到食物的地方就没有什么鸟能长年栖息.
____________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Where food is hard to find, few birds remain throughout the year.
单元自测 （模块）
1完形填空
阅读下面短，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
字数：217完成时间：15分钟难度：***
When it’s 10:15 in New York, it’s 9:15 in Salt Lake City, and 7:15 in San Francisco ? isn’t it? This consistent and orderly time system, based on a grid of time 21 , seems so natural that people 22 give it a moment’s thought. So you may find it surprising to learn that prior to the late 1800s each community 23 its own time ? by looking at the sun. When the sun shone directly overhead in Washington, D.C., for example, it was 12:00 noon there; up the road in Philadelphia, 24 , it was 12:07, and in Boston it was 12:24. To measure time with absolute accuracy, it is necessary to move the clock about one minute for every twelve miles of distance; so according to “sun time” your pocket watch would be slightly 25 if you ventured only a few miles down the road.
It was not until the advent of widespread railroad travel that a need 26 for 27 time. At one point over 300 local times were honored within the 28 , making it literally impossible for trains to arrive consistently on time 29 . As a result, in 1883 the continental United States was divided into four time longitude. The standardization resulting from this system 30 so helpful that in 1884 the International eridian Conference applied the same procedure to establish time zones around the world.
21.A.areasB.districtsC.zonesD.divisions
22.A.usuallyB.neverC.onlyD.rarely
23.A.madeB.establishedC.arrangedD.founded
24.A.howeverB.thereforeC.meanwhileD.by contrast
25.A.differentB.wrongC.incorrectD.mistaken
26.A.arrivedB.raisedC.happenedD.arose
27.A.regularizedB.organizedC.correctedD.standardized
28.A.stateB.countyC.worldD.country
29.A.everywhereB.anywhereC.nowhereD.somewhere
30.A.was provedB.has been provedC.was provingD.proved
[答案]
21. C. 时区time zone, 是固定词组。
22. D. 人们习以为常了，所以很少想到它，选rarely, 经常想起、从不想起和只想起它都不合理。
23. B. 句意应为每个地区都确立自己的时间，只有establish可以表示建立制度。
24. A.根据上下可判断出此处为转折对比关系， 而by contrast 表示相反的对比，所以选however。
25. C. 根据“太阳时”，只要离开几英里，表就会有一些不准，而不是不同、错误或误解。
26. D. 需要出现应该搭配的动词是arise。
27. A. 是需要调整时间，而不是使时间有组织、改变或标准化。
28. D. 根据上下，是在美国境内有300多个地区时。
29. A. 根据意，火车不可能在每个地方都准时，所以选everywhere, 和impossible 构成部分否定。
30. D．该系统被证明很帮助，应该用prove的主动形式，时态用一般过去时。
2语法填空
阅读下面短，按照句子结构的语法性和上下连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。
字数：147完成时间：8分钟难度：**
Usually male butterflies are more brightly colored than the female. The female have bigger and heavier bodies, 31 they carry the eggs. The bright colors of the male help to attract the female, and the duller colors of the female make them 32 likely to be caught by enemies before they 33 (lay) their eggs. 34 butterflies have a bright pattern colors on the upper surface of their wings which are shown 35 flying. But when they rest on a tree or 36 (leaf) they close their wings. On the undersides of their wings there are green and brown marks 37 look like the tree or leaves. They are then difficult to 38 (see).
any butterflies have round marks on their wings that look like eyes. When they are resting, their wings are closed, and these cannot be seen When a bird sees 39 , and begins to attack it, the butterfly 40 open its wings. The bird thinks that it sees two eyes staring at it, and so it is frightened, and flies away.
[答案]
31．since 32．1ess 33．have laid 34．Some 35．when／while 36．leaves 37．which／that 38．be seen 39．one 40．would
31．since，“由于，既然”表原因。
32．1ess，从上下可知此处是“雌飞蛾的较死板的颜色使她们在产完卵之前较少有可能被敌人抓住”。
33．have laid，由before可知考查动词的现在完成时态。
34．Some，不定代词，“一些”。
35．when／while，when／while+ving分词相当于由when引导的时间状语从句，“正在飞时”。
36．leaves，leaf的复数形式是leaves。
37．which／that，关系代词，引导限制性定语从句?
38．be seen，考查动词不定式的被动语态，意为“然后他们很难被看见”。
39．one，不定代词，指代任意一只butterfly。
40．would，表一种必然的动作或经常的动作。
3阅读理解
阅读下列短，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：334完成时间：7分钟难度：***
Yi So-yeon, an engineer from Seoul, returned to Earth on Saturday after 11 days aboard the International Space Station (ISS), along with Russian cosmonaut Yuri alenchenko and US astronaut Peggy Whitson.
A technical problem turned a routine (常规) return to Earth into a sharper than usual descent (下降) that tested the group members' stamina and courage. They landed in the azakh steppes ( 大草原) about 420km (260 miles) wide of their target.
"During the descent there was some kind of fire outside the Soyuz capsule because we were going through the atmosphere," Yi said.
"At first I was afraid, but the two other guys looked okay, so I tried to look okay too."
Yi smiled and joked her way through a 10-minute news briefing at Star City, the wooded Sovietera cosmonaut training centre on the edge of osco However, alenchenko and Whitson looked tired and thin after nearly six months in space. Their answers were short and Whitson needed support to balance when she walked. The 29-year-old Yi has become famous in South orea since the take-off but she brushed this aside and said she has had little contact with friends or family since returning.
"In fact, they are the heroes right now," Yi said, referring to alenchenko and Whitson. "I'm just a beginner and a little ashamed to say that I am a hero." She did, though, relate a more light-hearted incident on the ISS.
"I sang 'Fly e to the oon" Yi said about the 1950s pop song. "It's my favorite song from university although at that time I didn't know I would be an astronaut."
The capsule's so-called "ballistic" re-entering made the group members face twice the usual pull from the centre of the earth. The flames Yi described may have been caused by friction (摩擦) heating the capsule as it fell through the atmosphere.
Whitson told reporters that Saturday's ballistic landing, was irregular but not an emergency.
"The Soyuz has been through its history very reliable and there has obviously been some issue in the last couple of descents which went ballistic, but I'm sure the engineers will determine what the problems are and get them fixed," she said.
In October, a Soyuz capsule carrying alaysia's first space tourist touched down about 200 km (125 miles) off course in a similar ballistic landing caused by a technical problem.
The Soyuz is the world's longest-serving manned space capsule. An early version of the craft, the Vostok, carried the first person into space in 1961.
Whitson, 48, has become the American with the longest amount of time in space with 377 days.
41. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Flight in space is very dangerous
B. Not everybody can go into space
C. Fearful landing tests the orean astronaut
D. Yi didn't know she would be an astronaut when she was young
42. The reason why Yi Suo-yeon felt afraid at first was that __________.
A. a fire was caused by the friction
B. she had no such experience before
C. she was not brave enough
D. the other two didn't help her
43. From the passage, we can learn that __________.
A. Yi So-yeon, a space tourist came from South orea
B. Whitson became energetic when they landed on earth
C. the two other guys were not afraid during the descent
D. the Soyuz, an unmanned space capsule, had a long history
44. The underlined phrase in this passage means __________.
A. out of work B. out of control C. in the wrong direction D. in danger
45. We can conclude from this passage that __________.
A. experience is very important for astronauts to ensure safety
B. Yi Suo-yeon will never return to the space station
C. people are not willing to experience the space flight
D. we should draw a lesson from the accident
[答案]
本讲述Yi Suo-yeon与另外两名宇航员在太空站11天后返回的不平凡经历。
41. C。主旨大意题。令人恐惧的着陆让进入太空的韩国宇航员经受了一次考验。
42. B。细节理解题。根据第六段推理得出, Yi开始时恐惧的原因是以前没有过这种经历。
43. C。由“At first I was afraid, but the two other guys looked okay...”判断得出答案。
44. C。词意猜测题。off course偏离轨道。
45. A。推理判断题。有上下推理可得:飞行员的经验在旅途中能够对安全起很大作用。
4写作训练
请根据下列信息，用英语写一篇关于2008年诺贝尔奖化学奖得主华人科学家钱永健教授的简介
[写作内容] 钱永健教授的简介提示：
姓名：钱永健国籍：美国出生年月：1952年出生地：纽约
获奖及
相关情况：2008年诺贝尔化学奖，其研究为生物和医学试验带革命。其父亲是名机械工程师，堂叔是我国著名科学家钱学森。钱永健教授是自诺贝尔奖颁发逾100多年，第七位获诺贝尔奖的华人科学家。
教育及
工作经历：16岁获“少年诺贝尔奖” ，20岁，在哈佛大学获得物理和化学学士学位，现供职美国加州大学圣迭戈分校化学及药理系。
[写作要求]
1．只能使用5个句子表达全部内容：
2．中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇结构连贯。
[写作向导]
1．时态：人物介绍应根据人物不同时期做的事情使用不同的时态。
2．可用词汇与句型：the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for2008诺贝尔化学奖，Roger Y. Tsien 钱永健教授，
Harvard University哈佛大学，University of California San Diego School美国加州大学圣迭戈分校。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
Roger Y. Tsien, A Nobel Prize Winner For 2008
Roger Y. Tsien, born in New York in 1952, is a Chinese American who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2008. His research has brought a revolution to the research and experiments on biology and medicine. His uncle is Xue Sen Tsien, a great Chinese famous scientist. Roger Y. Tsien is the seventh Chinese American scientist who is a Nobel Prize winner in the over-100-year history of the prize. At the age of 16, he got the Nobel Prize for Youngsters in USA. Later, he studied in Harvard University and got bachelor degrees of chemistry and physics at the age of 20 there. He has been working at the department of Chemistry & edicine in University of California San Diego School.
Unit 4 Earthquakes
语言要点（模块）
单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇
部分词语
辨析1. congratulate / celebrate
2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm
3. rise / raise / lift
4. hurt / injure / wound
词形
变化1. frighten vt. 吓唬；使惊吓frightened n. 受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的
2. nation n. 民族；国家；国民national adj. 民族的；国家的
3. suffer v. 受苦; 吃苦头suffering n. 苦难；痛苦sufferer n.受苦者; 受难者
重点
单词1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂
2. ruin v.&n. 毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）
3. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救
4. judge n.&v. 法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计
重点
词组10.right away 立刻，马上
11.at an end 结束，终结
12.instead of 代替，而不
13.tens of thousands of 数以万计的
重点句子1. ice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
2. All hope was not lost.
重点语法定语从句 （见语法部分）
I词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. congratulate / celebrate
【解释】
congratulate 对他人祝贺为目的，侧重以言语表示祝贺。
celebrate 通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某事情。侧重指以行动庆祝生日、节日等。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). I _________ you on your success.
2). We held a party to __________ our success..
答案: 1). congratulate2). celebrate
2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm
【解释】
destroy 表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁，使之无法恢复，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。
ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打击
的结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。
damage 一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果，也可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。
harm 一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). You may get _________ in that shop.
2). He can’t __________ her. She sees through him every time.
答案:1). cheated2). fool
3. rise / raise / lift
【解释】
rise 普通用词，指具体的抽象的事物由低向高移动。
raise 及物动词，多指把某物从低处升到高处。
lift 语气比raise强，指用体力或机械的力举起或抬起某物。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). She ________ her eyes from her work.
2). __________ me up, mummy---I can’t see.
3). The plane was then able to ________ and it cleared the mountains by 300 feet.
答案: 1). raised2). Lift3). rise
4. hurt / injure / wound
【解释】
hurt 一般用语，即可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神和情感方面的伤害。
injure 比hurt正式，一般指由于意外或事故而受伤，很少指精神方面的伤害.
wound 指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤等，尤指在战争中受伤。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). The soldier was ______ in the arm in the war.
2). She was _______ slightly in an accident during the work.
3). I was very much _______ at his words.
答案: 1). wounded2). injured 3). hurt
II词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. frighten vt. 吓唬；使惊吓frightened n. 受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的
2. nation n. 民族；国家；国民national adj. 民族的；国家的
3. suffer v. 受苦; 吃苦头suffering n. 苦难；痛苦sufferer n.受苦者; 受难者
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1) He’s travelled to the ________ of Western Europe. (nation)
2) We are talking about _________ and international issues. (nation)
3） ___________ children were calling for their mothers.. (frighten)
4） The child __________to death by the violent thunderstorm. (frighten)
5） It is even _________ to think of the horrors of nuclear war. (frighten)
6） We ________ huge losses in the financial crisis. (suffer)
7) They’re arthritis __________. (suffer)
8) There is so much __________ in this world. (suffer)
答案: 1) nations2) national3) Frightened4) was frightened
5) frightening6) suffered7) sufferers8) suffering
Ⅲ重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂
[典例]
1).The red balloon suddenly burst. 那个红色的气球突然爆了。
2). The police burst through the door. 警察破门而入。
3). On hearing the news, Leslie burst into laughter while Tracy burst out crying.
一听到这则消息，Leslie突然大笑，而Tracy则突然大哭起。
4). A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.
歌声结束后响起了一阵掌声。
[重点用法]
burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑
burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭
[练习] 中译英
1). 水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 太阳突然从云端里露出。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1).Water-pipes often burst in cold weather.
2). The sun burst through the clouds.
2. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救
[典例]
1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.
警察救他，把他从河里拉了出。
2). The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.
营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。
3). ichael rescued a boy from drowning. 迈克把溺水的男孩救了起。
[重点用法]
rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把……..从……营救出
come to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援队
a rescue mission 救援任务 rescue workers 救援人员
[练习] 用rescue的适当形式填空
1). The mother, along with her two children, _________from the sinking boat by a passing ship.
2). The firemen ________ five children from the burning house yesterday.
答案: 1). has been rescued 2). rescued
3. judge n.&v. 法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计
[典例]
1). His father used to be a judge. 他的父亲过去是一名法官。
2). She's a good judge of wine. 她是鉴别酒的专家。
3). The blind can’t judge colors. 盲人无法判断颜色。
4). Don’t judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。
[重点用法]
judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过……判断……
as far as I judge 我认为
judging from… 从……看， 根据……判断
[练习] 用与judge相关的词汇填空
1). ______his appearance, he must be a rich man.
2). _______ , he must be from the south.
答案: 1). Judging2). In her judgment
4. ruin v.&n. 毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）
[典例]
1). The hurricane ruined all the houses here. 飓风使这里所有的房屋成为废墟。
2). He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。
[重点用法]
be in ruins 呈一片废墟 fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to ruin 毁灭，落空
ruin oneself 自我毁灭 bring sb. to ruin 使毁灭
[练习] 中译英
1). 那建筑物已成断壁残垣。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 那教堂已破败不堪。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). The building is in ruins.
2). The church has fallen into ruin.
Ⅳ 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. right away 立刻，马上
[典例]
1).I’ll return the book to you right away. 我会马上还书给你。
2). If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.
如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。
[短语归纳]
“立刻，马上”的表达方式：
right away，right now，at once，immediately， in no time
[练习] 中译英
1). 请立刻把它打印出。
答案: 1). I want it typed right away, please.
2. at an end 结束，终结（= finished）
[典例]
1). The war was finally at an end. 战争终于结束了。
[短语归纳]
与end搭配的常用短语
at the end of 在……末尾by the end of 在……末为止
in the end 最后，终于at a loose end 无所事事，处于杂乱状态
make ends meet 收支相抵
[练习] 用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空。
1). How many English words have you learned ____________ last term?
2). He became an outstanding doctor ___________.
3). y uncle will fly to China _________ this year.
答案: 1). by the end of2). in the end3). at the end of
3. instead of 代替，而不是
[典例]
1). The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. 中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。
2). Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. 杰克不去工作,虚度着光阴。
3). She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of onday.
她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。
[短语归纳]
instead 是副词，单独使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为“代替；相反”。
instead of 是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，其后面的动作，意为“代替、而不……”。
in place of 为介词短语，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表“以甲代乙”，不含比，而instead of则是“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，还有对乙作否定的意思，有时意为“不”。
take the place of 作谓语，用在名词、代词前。
[练习] 单项选择。
1). Tractors _____________ horses in many places.
A. in place of B. have taken the place of C. instead D. instead of
2). You should be out playing ___________ working indoors all day.
A. in spite of B. take the place of C. instead D. instead of
答案:
1). B2). D
4. tens of thousands of 数以万计的
[典例]
1). Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily.
[短语归纳]
hundreds of数百的hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的
thousands of数千的millions of数百万的
dozens of许多； 大量scores of 许多； 大量
[练习] 选择填空
1). Every year ________ foreign visitors come to China.
A. tens of thousands of B. ten thousands of
C. over ten thousands D. thousands upon thousands
2). There were ____________ people in the hall.
A. two scores of B. scores of
C. two and score D. two scores
答案: 1). A2). B
V重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. ice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
老鼠跑到地里找地方躲。
[解释] 这句话中的looking for places to hide 是作ran out of the fields 的伴随状况，这是动词的现在分词形式的一个用法。
现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
（1）现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。
（2）现在分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.
因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。
any of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night.
因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。
（3）现在分词短语作结果状语。如：
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。
（4）现在分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。
Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.
年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起。
（5）现在分词间或也可作条状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如：
A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.
一个人如站在大的脚下会发现自己很渺小。
nowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
注：现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。
（6）“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+现在分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：
His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the windo 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。
[练习] 中译英
1). 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1). Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.
2). Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the windo
2. All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。
[解释]All the students do not know how to deal with the problem. = Not all the students know how to deal with the problem. 并非所有的学生都知道如何解决个问题。
I don’t know all of them. 我并不认识他们所有的人。
表示“全体”意义的代词、副词或形容 “all, both, every, everybody, always” 等和否定副词not连用时表部分否定, 而“none, neither, nobody, nothing” 等表完全否定。如：
Everyone doesn’t like the story. = Not everyone likes the story.
并非每个人都喜欢这个故事。
Nobody likes the story. 没人喜欢这个故事。
Both of the students don’t like the story. 并非这两个学生这个故事。
Neither of the students likes the story. 这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。
[练习] 中译英
1). 并非这两个学生这个故事。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1). Both of the students don’t like the story.
2). Neither of the students likes the story.
要点（模块）
1词汇等填空（旨在复习本中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Before Tangshan earthquake, strange things happened. A 1 (有味道的) gas came out from the cracks of wells and animals became 2 (nerve). At 3:00 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed that the world was at 3 end. In fifteen seconds, a large city lay in 4 (废墟), and the number of people 5 (受伤的) or killed reached more than 400,000. Water, food and 6 (electric) were cut off and the railway tracks were 7 (use) pieces of steel. But all hope was not lost. The rescue team 8 (organize) by the army came to help those 9 (幸存者) and slowly the city began to 10 (呼吸) again.
答案：1. smelly2. nervous3. an4. ruins5. injured6. electricity7. useless8. organized9. survivors10. breathe
2大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读，试着用30个单词概括大意或翻译下面的短，再比较答案
这篇描述了地震前的征兆和地震的过程和唐地震造成的后果。它显示出地震后的骇人的情景和告诉我们怎样才能把地震的危害降到最低。
The article describes _________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The article describes both the signs before an earthquake and the course and the result of Tangshan earthquake in 1976. It shows us the terrible image of earthquakes and tells us what we should do to minimize the damage by an earthquake.
3佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）
1.【原句】But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 但是，唐市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。
[模仿要点] 句子结构：由which引导的非限制性定语从句
【模仿1】李宇春现象超越了她的声音，即使最狂热歌迷们也承认她的声音是非常弱的。
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答案：The Li Yuchun phenomenon, however, goes far beyond her voice, which even the most ardent fans admit is pretty weak
【模仿2】据报道，心脏病和癌症成了中年人的头号杀手，这给我们敲响了警钟。
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答案：It is reported that heart disease and cancer are now the top killers of middle-aged people in China, which give us a warming.
2.【原句】It was a city whose hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. 所有的师内医院，75%的工厂和建筑物，90%的家园都消失了。
[模仿要点] 句子结构：数字+of which/whom 引导的非限制性定语从句
【模仿1】从七月上旬开始, 20天的干旱和高温 袭击了重庆的人们, 其中50% 的人们处于严重缺水状态。
________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：ore than 20 days of drought and high temperatures since early July have hit the population of Chongqin, 50% of whom are in a state of a severe lack of water.
【模仿2】参加奥运会吉祥物竞选的参与者有662人，其中611人自中国大陆，12人自香港，澳门和台湾，39人自国外。
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答案：There were 662 people who competed in the selection of Olympic mascots, of whom 611 were from the Chinese mainland, 12 from Hong ong, acao and Taiwan, and 39 from abroad.
单元自测 （模块）
1完形填空
阅读下面短，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
字数：192完成时间：14分钟难度：***
The legal age for smoking in Japan is 20 and as the country' s 570,000 tobacco vending machines ( 自动售货机) prepare for a July regulation requiring them to ensure buyers are not minors, a company has developed a 1 to identify age by studying facial features.
By having the customer look into a digital camera 2 to the machine, Fujitaka Co's system will 3 facial characteristics, such as wrinkles surrounding the eyes, bone structure and skin sags (松弛), to the facial data of over 100,000 people, Hajime Yamamoto, a company spokesman said.
"With face 4 , so long as you've got some change and you are an adult, you can buy cigarettes like before. The problem of 5 borrowing (identification) cards to purchase cigarettes could be 6 as well," Yamamoto said.
But due to concerns about its accuracy, the facial identification method has yet to be 7 .
Yamamoto said the system could 8 identify about 90 percent of the 9 , with the remaining 10 percent sent to a "grey zone" for minors that look 10 , and baby-faced adults, where they would be asked to insert their driving license.
1. A. system B. machineC. program D. monitor
2. A. added B. attached C. covered D. devoted
3. A. prefer B. adjust C. lead D. compare
4. A. features B. structure C. recognition D. expression
5. A. students B. youths C. adults D. minors
6. A. avoided B. clarified C. raised D. improved
7. A. corrected B. approved C. updated D. spread
8. A. completely B. correctly C. specifically D. partly
9. A. smokers B. sellers C. lookers-on D. users
10. A. older B. younger C. wiser D. nicer
答案：
1. A 从第二段及最后一段第一句可以判断：一家日本公司研制出一套年龄识别体系。
2. B attach to 所附的，“附在机器上的数码相机”。其他三个选项不符合语境。
3. D compare ... to ... “系统将面部特征与十万多人的面部数据进行对比”。其他三个选项动词尽管可以和介词to连用，但不符合语境。
4. C features 特征，structure 构造，recognition 识别，expression表情，选项C符合语境。
5. D从第一句及最后一句可以判断。minor未成年人，本首句提到吸烟的合法年龄是20岁，自动售货机要确保购买者不是未成年人。
6. A 年龄识别系统可以避免未成年人借用身份证购买香烟的问题。clarify澄清。
7. B 因涉及到准确性问题，这套面部识别方法还有待批准。
8. B 该系统能正确识别出约90%的使用者。
9. D 从第一段to ensure buyers are not minors判断，该系统识别的是使用自动售货机购买香烟者。故选users。
10. A 从baby-faced adults可得提示。有10%的长相显老的未成年人和娃娃脸的成年人进入“灰色地带”。
2语法填空
阅读下面短，按照句子结构的语法性和上下连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。
字数：202完成时间：10分钟难度：***
Wang Hong was born in 1985 in Guangzhou, China. Even when she was a baby, she loved to draw lines everywhere. 1 (see) this, her father decided to help her. He gave her paint, brushes and paper. She practised hard 2 improved very quickly. Soon her lines became flowers, trees and animals. Some of her pictures 3 (show) in an art exhibition in Shanghai at the age of 4. By the age of six, Wang Hong 4 (make) over 4,000 paintings. She loved to draw animals, especially monkey and cats. 5 her father was good at drawing, he didn't give her any art lessons. He even stopped painting his own pictures. 6 , he often took the little girl to parks and zoos to get ideas for her work. 7 this way, Wang Hong developed her own style of painting 8 bright colours. All her pictures were different from others.
At the age of 8, 9 of her monkey paintings was made into a Chinese stamp. Later, she started to draw pictures of country scenery and people. And when she was just 14, she became the youngest person to have 10 (person) shows in Washington D.C. and many other cities around the world.
答案：
1．Seeing，现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when her father saw this，
2．and，表并列关系：
3．were shown，考查动词的被动语态用法：
4．had made， 由前By the age of six可知, 此处应用过去完成时态。
5．Although/ though，“虽然，尽管”表让步关系：
6．Instead，“相反，而是”，表转折：
7．In，in this way是固定搭配，“用这种方法”：
8．with，介词“用，有”：
9．one，one of+名词复数表“……之一”：
10．personal，person的形容词，“个人的”：
3 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
请阅读下列应用及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。
以下是请求帮助者的资料：
[A]. As we know, the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing and many people from other countries will come to visit China. The taxi drivers in Dongfeng Taxi Company think the way to show kindness is to be able to greet the foreigners in their languages. They need someone who can teach them languages and the best time is at night when they are not so busy.
[B]. Tom is so addicted to on-line games that he cannot concentrate on his study like before. Now he often misses school in order to play games, thus telling lies to his teachers and parents again and again. Though he realizes what he does is wrong, he just can't stop it. How badly he needs someone's help.
[C]. ane, a 44-year-old single mother of three, has to walk two miles to the nearest supermarket twice a week because she doesn't knohich bus to take. What's worse, since she does not knoords, she can not write out a shopping list. Also, she can only recognize items by sight, so if the product has a different label, she will not recognize it as the product she wants.
[D]. "Helping hand" organization will hold an event to help the starving children in Africa. The event starts in August and those taking part in will go without food for 30 hours. In this way, it is expected that money will be raised for the poor children.
[E]. "Green Earth" cares a lot for the animals in danger. Still many people in the world don't know much about the importance of animal protecting. This summer vacation a lot of events will be organized to call on people to live in harmony with our earth.
[F]. A group of young children in a remote village in southwest China are in great need of teachers. Because of the low salary, many teachers came and then went. The villagers hope to have a teacher who can stay for at least a year, because they know knowledge can make a difference to the children's future.
以下是乐于提供帮助的人员信息介绍，请匹配他们与所对应的帮助对象。
1. Stephen: Last summer I went through a training program and became a literacy volunteer. When I began to discover what other people's lives were like because they could not read, I realized the true importance of reading.
2. Ben: After graduation, I don't want to apply for a job at once Instead, I plan to spare one year to help those who need help most and try my best to improve their lives. You know, education is essential to poverty relief and at the same time I'll get valuable experience for my future career.
3. Susan: I'm a girl from England and has studied French for years. I'm here in Beijing University studying Chinese. I like China as it is full of mysteries. So I hope the voluntary work will help me to get in touch with Chinese people and get to know about China. Although my study is busy, I can be free at night and at the weekends.
4. Tim: Since I myself have overcome a lot of difficulties in my life, I understand young people's problems and I know how to listen patiently to others and offer some advice. I'm working now in the daytime so I can only spend two to three hours a day at night to help others.
5. Lisa: I burst into tears when I saw those children in a TV programme. What a sight. They have only bone and skin left. What's worse, every day the children are dying because of lack of food. I realized how lucky I am with enough food and a good chance to get education. The summer vacation is coming and I hope I can do something for them.
[答案] 求助者——提供帮助的人
1. C 关键词：she doesn’t knohich bus to take; she does not knoords; they could not read。
2. F 关键词：in great need of teacher; knowledge; education。
3. A 关键词：They need someone who can teach them foreign languages; at night; volunteer work; know about China。
4. B 关键词：addicted to on-line games; realizes he is wrong; can’t stop; need help; listen patiently; offer some advice。
5. D 关键词：the starving children; the children are dying because of lack of food。
4写作训练
阅读下面的短，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短。
What ls the Best Preparation for Life?
Some people say that the best preparation for life is learning to work with others and be cooperative. In life we are faced with many types of situations. Each situation requires us to behave in different ways. In school or work we may be faced with a large project which demands the cooperation of many individuals. In this instance, each person must be flexible, supportive and be willing to compromise because he is only a small part of a much larger machine.
Others take the opposite view and say that learning to be competitive is the be preparation. Being competitive also has a place in life. The desire to succeed arid better than others will motivate us to work hard on the job and study diligently school. But competition has its limits.
[写作内容]
1．以约30个词概括短的要点；
2．然后以约120个词就“人生最好的准备”这个主题发表你的看法，至少包括以下的内容要点：
a)我们生活在竞争与合作共生共存的时代，要与人相容(compatible)，合作共处；
b)今天的事业是集体的竞争，与他人相容，善于合作的人成功机会更大；
c)你对此有什么看法，为什么?
[写作要求]
你可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不能抄袭阅读材料中的句子。
[评分标准]
概括准确、语言规范、内容合适、篇连贯。
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答案
There are almost two opinions about preparation for life. One is learning to work and cooperate with others. The other is to compete because the desire to succeed and do better than others motivates to work hard.
We are living in the age of competition, cooperation and coexistence, so we should be compatible and cooperative with others. The business today is a collective competition, where some people are compatible with others. Those who work in closer cooperation with the other people can have a larger opportunity to succeed in the end.
Similarly, students' learning goals may be structured to promote cooperative, competitive, or individualistic efforts. In cooperation, students work against each other to achieve a goal. In competition there is a negative interdependence among goal achievements.
So I think too much desire to compete with others may become selfish and destructive. In order to succeed in life, we must learn to be both cooperative and competitive. The most important thing to learn in life is to knohen tobe cooperative and when to be competitive.