逍遥右脑 2017-10-10 15:01
◆beard n.
1. 与不定冠词连用,表示一个人的全部胡须;用复数形式,表示不同人的胡须。如:
He has [wears, grows] a long beard. 他留有长胡须。
Not all men have beards. 不是所有的男人都留有胡子。
2. 比较:beard 指下巴上的“胡须”;moustache 指嘴上的“胡须”;whiskers 指腮上的“胡须”。
◆because conj.
1. 表示原因,语气较强,可用来回答 why 提出的问题。如:
A:Why do you love her? 你为什么爱她?
B:Because she is kind. 因为很善良。
2. because 除经常用于引导原因状语从句外,还可引出表语从句或用于强调句等。如:
It is because you’re eating too much. 那是因为你吃得太多了。
It’s because he is too young that he has been refused. 他被拒绝是因为他太年轻了。
3. 汉语说“因为……所以……”,但英语却不能用 because……so 这样的结构。如:
因为他很忙,所以不能来。
误:Because he is very busy, so he can’t come.
正:Because he is very busy, he can’t come.
正:He is very busy, so he can’t come.
4. 汉语说“之所以……是因为……”,英语可以类似以下这样的句型(用 that 比用 because 普通)。如:
The reason (why) I’m late is that [because] I missed thethe bus. 我迟到的原因是因为我没有赶上公共汽车。
注:传统语法认为这类句型不能用 because, 但在现代英语中用because 的情形已很普遍。
5. 在 not……because……这一结构中,not 有时否定主句,有时否定从句,具体视语境而定。一般说来,若 not 否定主句,最好在because 之前用逗号,否则会引起歧义,如下句在没有特定上下文时就有两种解释:
I didn’t go because I was afraid.
a. 我没有去是因为怕。
b. 我不是因为怕才去。
但是若 because 之前有 just 修饰,一般认为 not 是否定从句而不是主句。如:
You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不要因为有人说你坏话而生气。
6. 用于 because of(用作复合介词),其后可接名词、代词、 动名词、what 从句(但不能是 that 从句或没有引导词的从句)等。如:
He is here because of you (that). 他为你(那事)而来这里。
We said nothing about it, because of his wife’s being there. 因为他妻子在那儿,我们对此只字未提。
He left the company because of what the boss said at the
meeting. 他离开了这家公司,是因为老板在会上讲的话。
注:because of 所引导的介词短语通常用作状语而不能用作表语(除非主语是代词)。如:
误:His absence was because of the rain. 他因雨缺席。
正:It is just because of money. 那只是因为钱的原因。
◆become v.
1. 用作连系动词,其后可接名词、形容词、过去分词等作表语。如:
They became great friends. 他们成了莫逆之交。
He soon became angry. 他过了一会儿就生气了。
At last the truth became known to us. 我们终于知道了真相。
2. 其后一般不接不定式。如:
他开始对生物感兴趣了。
误:He became to be interested in biology.
正:He became interested in biology.
于是我们开始喜欢他了。
误:Then we became to like him.
正:Then we began [came] to like him.