逍遥右脑 2013-12-26 12:18
高继英 山西古县一中英语组 20142400
巧解分词作状语
分词作状语是高考题中常考考点、热点，许多学生在这方面把握不准而丢分。为此作者总结以下几点供大家参考。
1． 明概念
要明确现在分词和过去分词的基本表示意思：现在分词表示主动和正在进行的意思，过去分词表示被动和完成的意思。
2． 找逻辑
要找到分词和句子主语之间的逻辑关系，根据二者的具体逻辑关系来选择相应的分词：如是主动关系则用现在分词，被动关系则用过去分词。如果分词和句子主语间没有逻辑关系则要在分词前加上其相应的独立主格。
3． 定时态
要辨别分词与句子谓语动词之间的动作先后关系，从而采取不同的分词形式：二者同时发生则用分词的一般式；分词动作发生在谓语动词前，则用完成式即having done的形式；正在被动用being done的形式，完成被动用：having been done的形式；
4． 认否定
分词作状语的否定形式是在分词前加not。
实战练习：
1. He sent me an e-mail, ______ to get further information.(2000, 上海)
A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope
答案：B
解析：hope与句子主语he是主动关系。
2. ______in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United. (2000, 上海)
A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding
答案：C
解析：found与句子主语Harvard是被动关系，且动作已经完成。B项缺少连词。
3. _____ such heavy pollution already, it may not be too late to clear up the river. (2001, NMET)
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
答案：A
解析：suffer与句子主语it是主动关系，且根据already应用现在分词的完成式。
4. ___________, we were taken to see the library. (西城四月模拟)
A. We had been shown the classroom
B. Being shown the classroom
C. Having been shown the classroom
D. Having shown the classroom
答案：C
解析：本句没有连词所以不能选A。show和句子主语we之间是被动关系，且先于谓语动词were taken发生，所以用分词的完成被动式。
5. Finding her car stolen, _________.(2001,上海)
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
答案：D
解析：题干中用了现在分词，说明它与句子主语间应为主动关系，而所提供的选项中只有D项的主语符合这种逻辑要求。
6. The manager, _____his factory’s product were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.(2003,春)
A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being knowing
答案：A
解析：know与句子主语the manager是主动关系，且与谓语动词无先后关系。
7. _____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.（2003,北京）
A. Having given B. To give 学习计划 C. Giving D. Given
答案：D
解析：give与句子主语he是被动关系且与句子谓语动词没有先后关系。
8. _____ in the queue half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.(2014,北京)
A. To wait B. Having waited C. Have waited D. To have waited
答案：B
解析：wait与主语Tom是主动关系，且先于谓语动词发生，所以用现在分词的完成式。
9. _____ the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks.(2014,广东)
A. Not completing B. Not completed
C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
答案：C
解析：complete与句子主语是主动关系，且与谓语动词有明显的先后关系，所以用现在分词的完成式。分词的否定式应将not放在分词前，故答案为C。
10. ________, we’ll go camping tomorrow. (作者自创)
A. Weather permits
B. Permitting
C. Weather permitting
D. If weather will permit
答案：C
解析：A项没有连词if所以不正确；D项时态错误；permit与句子主语we没有逻辑关系，所以应加其相应的逻辑主语，故C正确。