逍遥右脑 2010-03-04 00:09
动词不定式的用法讲解
通过这篇文章你可以学习动词不定式由to+动词原形构成 不定式作补语 不定式作主语 不定式作表语等内容。
动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志,没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能,又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。
常见的形式如表所示(以及物动词do为例),不及物动词没有被动语态。
时态\\语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing /
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing /
7.1 有些动词可以用不定式作宾语,大致上有三种情况。
1) 有些及物动词用不定式作宾语,结构为动词+不定式。例如:
afford aim agree arrange ask decide
bother care choose demand desire determine
elect endeavor hope fail help learn
long 渴望 mean manage offer plan pretend
refuse tend undertake expect hate intend
例如:
The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。
2)有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语,还用不定式作补语,即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如:
ask choose expect help beg intend
like/love need prefer prepare want wish
例如:
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3) 有些动词或动词词组可以用动词+疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语。例如:
decide know consider forget learn remember
show, wonder find out tell inquire explain
例如:
Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can\'t make up my mind which to buy.
有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
7.2 不定式作补语
1) 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如:
advise allow cause challenge command compel
drive 驱使 enable encourage forbid force impel
induce instruct invite like/love order permit
make let have want get warn
persuade request send tell train urge
例如;
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。
注意:有些动词如make,have,get,want等可用不定式作做宾补,也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动。