高三英语复习 重点词汇

j.Co M
牛津高中英语模块四Unit 2 备课要点
（一A）词汇部分
1. honorable
[adj.] 可敬的, 荣誉的, 光荣的
e.g. Though it is honorable to be a cleaner, many people wouldn’t like to do that
　　虽然做一个清洁工是受人尊敬的工作，许多却不愿做。
[n.] honor 敬重，尊敬；被引以为荣的人物, 荣誉，名誉；信用
All the athletes tried their best to win honor for their motherland.
所有的运动员都竭尽全力为祖国争光。
He's an honor to his parents. 他的父母以他为荣。
[vt.] honor受到尊敬
　He was honored for his courage in battle. 他因在战斗中的英勇表现而受到尊敬。
有用句型：in honor of/in one’s honor为纪念… ，为庆祝；向……表示敬意
We held a special party in honor of our visitors.
我举行了一个特别晚会向我们的来客表示敬意。
相关链接：
show honor to 对某人表示敬意；
have the honor to do 很荣幸地
feel honored to do 因做……而感到荣幸；
on one’s honor 以某人的名誉担保　
2. delight [n.]乐趣；喜悦；欣喜
　e.g.：The children were made to laugh with delight. 孩子们被逗得高兴地大笑。
[adj.] delighted欣喜的, 快乐的 delightful 令人高兴的；讨人喜欢的
I was delighted to be invited to her party.我很高兴被邀请参加她的晚会。
[vi.]（常与in连用）热衷于；引以为乐
She delights in cooking lovely meals.她以烹饪美食为乐。
短语：be delighted by/at 因…而高兴 be delighted to do sth. 高兴做某事
be delighted with 喜欢….
3. significance
[n.]重要； 意义；价值
What is the significance of this meeting? 这个会议有什么意义？
[adj.] significant有意义的, 重大的, 重要的
This meeting is significant. 这个会议有意义
4. compete
[vi.] compete 竞争；竞赛
Five children competed in the race. 五个孩子参加赛跑。
[n.] competition 竞争；竞赛competitor 竞赛者；对手
He feels nervous as it seems his competitor is stronger.
他感觉紧张因为他的对手好像比他强。
[adj.] competitive 竞争的，比赛的
拓展：compete with/against 与…竞争 compete for 为…而竞争
compete with sb. in sth. 在某方面与某人竞争
5. separate [adj.]分开的, 分离的, 个别的, 单独的,区别的；不同的
[v.] 分开, 隔离, 分散, 分别
e.g. The two children separated at the end of the road. 两个孩子在路的尽头分手了
[adj.] 单独的，分开的，不同的
Our children want separate rooms.
separate 与 divide 的区别:
①Separate表示“将…与…分开，指把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开，常与from连用
Please separate the good apples from the bad ones. 请把好的苹果和坏的苹果分开。
②divide 往往指把某个整体划分为若干部分，常与into连用
Let us divide the cake into three parts. 让我们把这个蛋糕分成三部分。
6. light [n]光, 日光, 发光体, 灯
　The sun gives us light during the day. 白天太阳给我们光亮。
[adj.] 轻的, 发光的, 明亮的, 浅的
　The basket is very light; I can easily pick it up.篮子很轻我可以很容易地拿起来。
[v.] 点着, 变亮 light—lighted/lit—lighted/lit 做谓语时无区别，lighted可放于名词前做定语，而lit不行 (the lighted candle 点着的蜡烛)
　Will you light the fire for me? 你替我点上火好吗？
7. distance [n.] 距离；间隔
What distance do you have to walk to school? 你到学校要走多远的距离？
有用短语：in the distance在远处；at a distance相距，相隔； keep one's distance 保持一定距离
I could see the bus coming in the distance. 我看见公共汽车从远处开来了。
Americans like to keep a distance when speaking.美国人说话时喜欢保持一定距离。
8. record /?rek?:d/ [n.] 履历, 档案, 诉状, 最高纪录, 报告, 唱片
The doctor keeps a record of all the serious illnesses in the village.
这个医生保存了这个村庄所有严重疾病的记录。
[vt.] /ri?k?:d/ 记录, 标明, 将……录音
　The reporter recorded what the actor said at the news conference.
记者记录了演员在新闻发布会上讲的话。
　The songs were recorded by the radio company.这些歌曲是由广播公司录下的
拓展：hold a record 保持纪录 set a record 创纪录
　　keep a record/records of 纪录，记载
9. absent [adj.] 缺席的；不在场的
He is absent on business. 他因事缺席。
He is absent from Beijing. 他不在北京。
[adj.] 漫不经心的；心不在焉的；茫然的
He looked at me in an absent way. 他茫然地望着我。
[vt.] 不在；缺席
Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday? 昨天你为何不到校？
[n.] absence 缺乏
He didn’t finished his paper because of absence of information
他因为缺乏资料没有完成论文。
10. excite [v.] 使人激动\兴奋
The news excited everybody.消息鼓舞了每个人。
[adj.]excited激动的；兴奋的 exciting使人激动的；令人兴奋的
What he told us is an exciting story. 他告诉我们的是一个动人的故事。
11. attempt [v& n]努力, 尝试, 企图
The boys attempted to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents.
男孩子们想去野营但被他们的父母们拦住了。
She made an attempt to cook the dinner. 她试着做这顿饭。
拓展：attempted adj. 未遂的的，有意图的 an attempted murder 杀人未遂
make an attempt/attempts to do/at doing sth.=attempt to do sth.
辨析：attempt/try to do sth. 试图做某事，尝试做某事，可能成功也可能不成功
manage to do sth 成功做某事
e.g. Her parents managed to send her to the university she longed for.
12. state [n.] 状况；情形；状态；政府；盛礼，隆重的礼仪；州；邦
Everything was in a state of disorder. 一切都处于紊乱状态。
She is in a worried state of mind. 她心情很焦急。
In China, the railways are owned by the state. 在中国，铁路是国有的。
The President was received in state. 总统受到隆重接待。
[v.] state 陈述，叙述
Please state your name, age and occupation on the form.
(一B)
1. plenty of 许多，大量
　There is plenty of time. 时间很充足。
　Plenty of students want to study abroad. 许多学生想出国留学。
提示：
1）plenty of 后接可数名词或不可数名词，同时谓语动词的单复数形式与其后名词一致。
2）plenty of通常用于肯定句中；在否定句中用many或much代替；在疑问句中用enough代替。
e.g. There are plenty of egg. 有许多鸡蛋。
There aren’t many eggs. 没有很多鸡蛋。
Are there enough eggs? 有足够多的鸡蛋吗？
拓展：“许多，大量”的表达法：
修饰对象
词义 可数名词
[C] 不可数名词
[U] 可数/不可数名词
[C]/[U]

许多，大量 Many, many a / an,
a great / large number of ,
quite a few,
scores of ,
dozens of Much,
a good / great deal of, a large amount of, amounts of A lot of, lots of,
a large quantity of, quantities of,
plenty of,
a supply of,
supplies of 2. attraction [n.] [v.] attract [adj.] attractive
(1). 吸引人的地方或事情 tourist attraction（s） 旅游景点
(2). 吸引力；诱惑力
City life holds little attraction for me. 我对城市生活不感兴趣。
知识拓展：
attract sb. to sth. 使某人对某事感兴趣
the main attraction 最引人注意之处
　attract interest/attention 引起兴趣/注意
3. otherwise adv. / conj. 否则，要不然
　Work hard, otherwise you will be sorry. 好好学习，否则你会后悔的。
　You have to go now, otherwise you will miss your bus.
　你现在得走了，要不然就赶不上公交车了。
提示：otherwise 作副词时，无比较级和最高级的用法；otherwise使起连接作用的状语，做两个句子的连接状语时不可置于句末，而应置于所连接的第二个句子的句首。
4. stretch [vt.]&[vi.]
(1).vt. 拉长/宽 撑大/松 ；铺开，舒展
I have to stretch these shoes. 我得把这些鞋子撑大。
　(2). (vi)变长，变宽，（布料）可伸缩，有弹性
The jeans stretch to provide a perfect fit. 这条牛仔裤有弹性，可以完全合身。
(3). (vi) (空间上)延伸， （时间上）延续
　The forests stretched for hundreds of miles. 森林绵延数百英里。
　Endless summer days stretched out before us. 我们眼前是无尽的夏日。
（vt&vi）伸出，伸开，伸懒腰
He stretched out a hand and picked up the book. 他伸出一只手，把书捡起来。
5. meet相关单配：
meet with sb 会见没有，与某人会晤
meeting place 聚集的地方，会场
　meet one’ demand/need/requirement 满足某人需要
6. current [ adj.]
(1)现在的，现行的，当前的
　　Production is likely to remain at current levels.
　　产量很可能会保持当前的水平。
（2）通用的,流通的，流行的
　　These words are no longer current. 这些词已不再通用。
　（3）【n】水流，气流，电流
7. remove [vt&vi]
(1). vt. 移动，把…移走，搬开，拿开
　　Please remove your bag from the seat. 请把包从座位上拿走。
(2). vt. 脱掉=take off
Come in and remove your wet coat 进来把你的湿外衣脱掉。
(3). 除去，去掉消除=get rid of
His name was removed from the list.他的名字被从名单上除去了。
(4).vt 撤职.
They removed him from his position.他们撤了他的职务。
(5). Vi 搬家，迁移=move
They are going to remove into a new building. 他们准备搬进一座新楼。
8. maintain. [vt.]
(1).维持，保持
The two countries have always maintained close relations.
这两个国家一直保持密切关系。
(2).维护，保护
　The house is large and difficult to maintain. 房子很大，难以养护
(3).坚持己见，固执己见
She has always maintained her innocence.
他一直坚持说她是无辜的。
(4).供养，抚养
He was barely earning enough to maintain himself.
他挣的钱勉强够养活自己。
9. balance [vt&vi]
(1). 平衡，平衡能力使平衡，保持平衡
Athletes need a good sense of balance. 运动员要有良好的平衡感。
(2).[n.]结余，余额 结欠， 欠款
The current balance in your account is $182现在你 账户上的结余为182英镑。
(3). 相抵，抵消
This year’s profits will balance our previous losses.
今年的盈利可以抵消我们以前的亏损。
知识拓展：
keep one’s balance 保持平衡
lose one’ balance 失去平衡
（二）

Reading(阅读部分)
Step1. Read this passage and answer the following questions:
1. How often were the Olympic Games held?
2. When and where were the modern Olympic Games held?
3. When did China return to the Games, and who won the first gold medal?
4. Who became the first Asian to win the gold medal in men’s 110-metre hurdles?
Keys: 1. every four years
2. The modern Olympic Games were first held in 1896, in Athens.
　3. At the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics and Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal.
　4. Liu Xiang.
Step2. Compare the ancient Olympics and modern Olympics
The honourable games Ancient Olympics Modern Olympics Time ____1_____ ____2____
________3_________ All ___4___ Both ____5___and ____6____ Held at the ___7____ place Held at the ___8_____ place Only ___9_____ were allowed to compete. _____10______ from around the world can take part.
Keys: 1. 776BC 2. 1896 3. Differences 4. men 5. men
6. women 7. same 8. different 9. Greeks 10. Athletes

Step3. True or False
1)????? At the 1984 Barcelona Olympics, Jordan won his second Olympic medal. (F) (1984)
2)????? Haile Gebreselassie first became famous and broke the world for the 10km run in 1992. (F)
3)????? China returned to the Games after 32 years’ absence. (T)
4)????? Deng Yaping won four Olympic gold medals and became an IOC member in 1992. (F)
5)????? Cassius Clay returned to the Olympic Games in Atlanta in 1996 to light the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony. (T)

Keys: 1. F (1992) 2. F (In 1995 he broke the M world record) 3. T
4. F (became an IOC member in 2000) 5.T

（三）
M4 Unit2 Reading
Language points:
1. (Line 1) I am delighted to have been invited to …….the Olympic Games.
句型：sb. + be + adj. / V-ed 形式+ to have done sth. 谓语动词等常用被动语态，不定式完成式表示该动作发生在谓语动词之前。
e.g. He is thought to be doing a secret experiment. 有人认为他正在进行一项秘密的实验。
2. （Line 6）They were held at Olympia in Greece every four years.
Every 当“每；每隔”讲时，不能用each 替换；every后可用few，但不能接a few, 也不可接some，several， many等词；every可与“other+单数名词连用”。
每；每隔：Every + 基数词 + 复数名词
　　　　　Every + 序数词 + 单数名词
　　　　　Every other + 单数名词
　　　　　Every few + 复数名词
e.g. every four days 每四天，每隔三天
every third day 每三天，每隔两天
every other day 每隔一天
　　every few days 每隔几天
3. (Line 9) At the ancient games, the athletes were all men and they had to
compete wearing no clothes.
　古代奥运会的运动员都是男性，而且他们必须裸体竞技。
wearing no clothes 是现在分词短语，在从句中作状语，修饰compete，表示伴随情况。
现在分词短语经常作状语，表示时间、原因、伴随情况或起补充说明作用等。
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (时间) 他一边读书，一边不时地点头。
Being busy, he could not go to the film. (原因) 因为忙，他不能去看电影。
He hurried home, looking behind from time to time as he went. (伴随情况) 他赶紧回家，一边走一边不时地向后看。
4. (Line 14) Today, athletes from around the world can take part, no matter what language they speak.
from around 两个介词连用，表示更具体的内容。(He appeared from behind the tree.)
no matter what 相当于whatever, 引导让步状语从句。
No matter who / Whoever knocks, don’t open the door. 无论谁敲门，都不要开。
No matter what /whatever you do, do it well. 无论做什么，都要把它做好。
5. (Line 16) It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who restarted the Olympics.
“It was…… who……”为强调句型结构，强调的是a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin作Frenchman的同位语。
“It + be +被强调部分+ who/that……”
e.g. It was I who/that saw him in the street yesterday. (主语)昨天是我在街上看见了他。
　　It was in the street that I saw him yesterday. （地状）我昨天是在街上看见他的。
一般疑问句形式：Be + it +被强调部分+ who/that……
特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词（被强调部分）+ be + it + who/that……
Not until 的强调句式：It be not until …… that +……..
E.g. Was it in 2008 that you graduated? 你是2008年毕业的吗？
When was it that you got home last night? 昨天晚上你是什么时候到家的？
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
　　　直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。
6. （Line 17）His dream was that …… make it possible ……side by side.
1）That 引导表语从句， 不做成分不可省略。在 主语从句 和 同位语从句 中也不做成分不可省略。 E.g. The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.（同位语从句）
　　　　　　我们足球队赢得比赛的消息鼓舞人心。
　　　　　　It is good news to us that we are invited to a concert this evening. （主语从句）
　　　　　　我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会，这对我们来说是个好消息。
2）“make it + adj./n. + (for sb.) to do sth.” it 是形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语。用于此句型的动词还有 think, find, believe, feel, suppose, consider等。
e.g. He feels it his duty to help those in trouble. 他认为帮助有困难的人是他的责任。
　　They have made ______ a rule _______ in the room (C)
A. this; not to smoking B. it; smoking C. it; not to smoke D. it; not smoking
7. (Line 19) Now people……and among them are many well-known athletes.
此处为倒装结构，英语中，作表语的介词短语、形容词和过去分词置于句首时，句子要用完全倒装语序。
e.g. Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
　　商品中有圣诞树、花、蜡烛和玩具。
　　Present at the meeting were some teachers and students.
　　出席会议的人包括一些教师和学生。
　　Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.
　　妇女受歧视的年代一去不复返了。
8. (Line 45) At the 2004 … Liu Xiang …the first Asian to win the gold medal in the men’s 110-metre hurdles.
该句中的 the first 与 to win the gold medal…均作定语修饰名词Asian。英语中当一个名词或代词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，若在需要后置定语，则要用动词不定式的一般式。
e.g. The next train to arrive is from Beijing. 下一班要抵达的列车是北京开过来的的。
Madam Curie was the first woman scientist to win the Nobel Prize twice.
居里夫人是第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。
　 He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
　 他总是第一个来，左后一个走。
　-----The last one _______ pays the meal. (B)
　-----Agreed!
　A. arrived B. to arrive C. arrives D. arriving

Important phrases:
1. be delighted to do sth. 高兴做某事 2. at the end of …在…结束时；在…末端
3. every four years每四年；每隔三年 4. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做…
5. take part （in） 参与 6. in honor of 纪念…;向表示敬意 7. side by side一起；肩并肩
8. play a role / part in 起作用 9. realize one’s dream 实现梦想
10. under the name of 以… 为笔名 11. go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事
12. break the record打破纪录 13. make contributions to 对…做出贡献
14. look forward to 期待；盼望 15. join sb. in doing sth. 与某人一起参加某活动
16. come to one’s attention 引起注意 17. be recognized as 被看做 18.all the time一直；总是

（四）
　　　　　　　Project(阅读部分)
Step1. True or False:
1. There are only two requirements for a sport entering the Olympics.
2. Sports were usually removed because they became less popular and had to make way for new, more popular sports.
3. Tae kwon do has been added only recently, in 2000.
4. It’s impossible that wushu can enter the Olympics.
5. Once the sports were removed, they couldn’t enter the Olympics any more.
Keys: 1. F (three) 2. T 3.T 4. F (There is possibility.) 5. F (They also can enter again.)
Step2. Fill in the blanks:
　　　　　　　　　　Sports in the Olympics

How to enter:
_____1_______ Has its own international ____2_____. Must be practised by men in at least __3__ countries on at least four continents. In at least 40 countries on three continents women ____4____it. A current sport must be dropped in order___5____add a new sport. Sports are out Some less popular sports have been removed, ____6_______familiar sports as well as more unusual sports. Sports are in Some sports have been added only recently.
Many people think that_____7_____ Olympic sports will be included again. Sports are still trying Wushu is trying to___8___ the Olympics. However, it hasn’t got the ____9____of the IOC.
In the future, wushu fans may ____10___ their dream because the IOC is considering revising sports number and type. Keys：1. Requirements 2. association 3. 75 4. practise 5. to
6. including 7. previous 8. enter 9. approval 10. realize

Language points

1. Entering a sport into the Olympics can be a long process. (P38)
　 使一个体育项目进入奥运会有时会是一个很长的过程。
can:. 这里can 用来描述特有的行为或情形，常译为“有时会”
eg: Children can sometimes be very tiring.
　 It can be very cold here, even in May.
2. These sports were usually removed…to make way for…(P38)
give way to sth./ make way for sth.
(1.) to be replaced by sth, esp. because it is better, cheaper, easier被取代替代
eg:
　The shop is closed to make way for a new restaurant.
　商店倒闭了被一个新开的饭店所取代
(2.) allow space or a free passage 让路
　　As is known to all, all traffic has to make way for fire-engine.
all the way 一路上，一直； 大老远 by the way 顺便说一声；在途中
by way of 经过，经由 find one’s way 找到路，设法到达
in a way 在某种程度上；有点，有几分 in no way 决不
in the/one’s way挡路 lead the way 领路，带路
lose one’s way 迷路 make one’s way （辛苦地）前进，行走
no way 没门 on the/one’s way (to)在途中；渐趋于
under way （船只）航行中，（计划）进行中
附学案
牛津高中英语模块四Unit 2 备课要点 （学案）
（一A）词汇部分
1. honorable
[adj.] 可敬的, 荣誉的, 光荣的
e.g.________________________, many people wouldn’t like to do that
　　虽然做一个清洁工是受人尊敬的工作，许多却不愿做。
[n.]______ 敬重，尊敬；被引以为荣的人物, 荣誉，名誉；信用
All the athletes tried their best _____________________.
所有的运动员都竭尽全力为祖国争光。
He's ___________ his parents. 他的父母以他为荣。
[vt.] ______受到尊敬
　_________________________________. 他因在战斗中的英勇表现而受到尊敬。
有用句型：_________/____________为纪念… ，为庆祝；向……表示敬意
We held a special party ___________________.
我举行了一个特别晚会向我们的来客表示敬意。
相关链接：
______________ 对某人表示敬意；
have the honor to do 很荣幸地
feel honored to do __________________；
on one’s honor 以某人的名誉担保　
2. delight [n.]乐趣；喜悦；欣喜
　e.g.：The children ______________________ 孩子们被逗得高兴地大笑。
[adj.] __________欣喜的, 快乐的 ___________令人高兴的；讨人喜欢的
___________________________her party.我很高兴被邀请参加她的晚会。
[vi.]（常与in连用）热衷于；引以为乐
She __________ cooking lovely meals.她以烹饪美食为乐。
短语：be delighted by/at 因…而高兴 be delighted to do sth. 高兴做某事
be delighted with 喜欢….
3. significance
[n.]重要； 意义；价值
_________________________? 这个会议有什么意义？
[adj.] ____________有意义的, 重大的, 重要的
______________________. 这个会议有意义
4. compete
[vi.] compete 竞争；竞赛
Five children competed in the race. 五个孩子参加赛跑。
[n.] ________竞争；竞赛__________竞赛者；对手
He feels nervous as it seems his competitor is stronger.
他感觉紧张因为他的对手好像比他强。
[adj.] ___________竞争的，比赛的
拓展：compete ___/____ 与…竞争 compete ___为…而竞争
compete with sb. in sth. 在某方面与某人竞争
5. separate [adj.]分开的, 分离的, 个别的, 单独的,区别的；不同的
[v.] 分开, 隔离, 分散, 分别
e.g. The two children __________________. 两个孩子在路的尽头分手了
[adj.] 单独的，分开的，不同的
Our children want separate rooms.
separate 与 divide 的区别:
①Separate表示“将…与…分开，指把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开，常与from连用
Please _________the good apples _______ the bad ones. 请把好的苹果和坏的苹果分开。
②divide 往往指把某个整体划分为若干部分，常与into连用
Let us _____________________. 让我们把这个蛋糕分成三部分。
6. light [n]光, 日光, 发光体, 灯
　The sun gives us light during the day. 白天太阳给我们光亮。
[adj.] 轻的, 发光的, 明亮的, 浅的
　The basket is very light; I can easily pick it up.篮子很轻我可以很容易地拿起来。
[v.] 点着, 变亮 light—______/____—________/______ 做谓语时无区别，lighted可放于名词前做定语，而lit不行 (the _______ candle 点着的蜡烛)
　Will you light the fire for me? 你替我点上火好吗？
7. distance [n.] 距离；间隔
What distance do you have to walk to school? 你到学校要走多远的距离？
有用短语：__________在远处；at a distance相距，相隔； ______________ 保持一定距离
I could see the bus coming ______________. 我看见公共汽车从远处开来了。
Americans like to____________when speaking.美国人说话时喜欢保持一定距离。
8. record /?rek?:d/ [n.] 履历, 档案, 诉状, 最高纪录, 报告, 唱片
The doctor keeps a record of all the serious illnesses in the village.
这个医生保存了这个村庄所有严重疾病的记录。
[vt.] /ri?k?:d/ 记录, 标明, 将……录音
　_______________________________________.
记者记录了演员在新闻发布会上讲的话。
　The songs ______________ the radio company.这些歌曲是由广播公司录下的
拓展：______a record 保持纪录 _____a record 创纪录
　　______a record/records of 纪录，记载
9. absent [adj.] 缺席的；不在场的
He is absent on business. 他因事缺席。
___________________. 他不在北京。
[adj.] 漫不经心的；心不在焉的；茫然的
He looked at me in an absent way. _____________。
[vt.] 不在；缺席
Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday? ________________？
[n.] absence 缺乏
He didn’t finished his paper because of ___________________
他因为缺乏资料没有完成论文。
10. excite [v.] 使人激动\兴奋
The news ________everybody.消息鼓舞了每个人。
[adj.]excited激动的；兴奋的 exciting使人激动的；令人兴奋的
______________ is an _______ story. 他告诉我们的是一个动人的故事。
11. attempt [v& n]努力, 尝试, 企图
The boys ___________________but were stopped by their parents.
男孩子们想去野营但被他们的父母们拦住了。
She made an attempt to cook the dinner. 她试着做这顿饭。
拓展：attempted adj. 未遂的的，有意图的 an attempted murder ____________
make an attempt/________ to do/at ______ sth.=attempt to do sth.
辨析：attempt/try to do sth. 试图做某事，尝试做某事，可能成功也可能不成功
________to do sth 成功做某事
e.g. Her parents managed to send her to the university she longed for.
12. state [n.] 状况；情形；状态；政府；盛礼，隆重的礼仪；州；邦
Everything ______________________. 一切都处于紊乱状态。
She is in a worried state of mind. ______________。
In China, the railways _____________. 在中国，铁路是国有的。
The President was received in state. ______________。
[v.] state 陈述，叙述
Please state your name, age and occupation on the form.
（一B）
1. plenty of 许多，大量
　There _____plenty of time. 时间很充足。
　Plenty of students _______________. 许多学生想出国留学。
提示：
1）plenty of 后接___名词或_____名词，同时谓语动词的单复数形式与其后名词一致。
2）plenty of通常用于肯定句中；在否定句中用many或much代替；在疑问句中用enough代替。
e.g. There are_______ egg. 有许多鸡蛋。
There aren’t ______ eggs. 没有很多鸡蛋。
Are there _______ eggs? 有足够多的鸡蛋吗？
拓展：“许多，大量”的表达法：
修饰对象
词义 可数名词
[C] 不可数名词
[U] 可数/不可数名词
[C]/[U]

许多，大量 Many, many a / an,
a great / large number of ,
quite a few,
scores of ,
dozens of Much,
a good / great deal of, a large amount of, amounts of A lot of, lots of,
a large quantity of, quantities of,
plenty of,
a supply of,
supplies of 2. attraction [n.] [v.] _______ [adj.] ___________
(1). 吸引人的地方或事情 ___________________ 旅游景点
(2). 吸引力；诱惑力
City life holds little attraction for me. _______________________。
知识拓展：
attract sb. ____ sth. 使某人对某事感兴趣
the main attraction 最引人注意之处
　attract_________/__________ 引起兴趣/注意
3. otherwise adv. / conj. 否则，要不然
　Work hard, otherwise you will be sorry. 好好学习，否则你会后悔的。
　________________________________________.
　你现在得走了，要不然就赶不上公交车了。
提示：otherwise 作副词时，无比较级和最高级的用法；otherwise使起连接作用的状语，做两个句子的连接状语时不可置于句末，而应置于所连接的第二个句子的句首。
4. stretch [vt.]&[vi.]
(1).vt. 拉长/宽 撑大/松 ；铺开，舒展
I have to stretch these shoes. 我得把这些鞋子撑大。

　(2). (vi)变长，变宽，（布料）可伸缩，有弹性
The jeans stretch to provide a perfect fit. __________________________。
(3). (vi) (空间上)延伸， （时间上）延续
　________________________________________. 森林绵延数百英里。
　Endless summer days stretched out before us. 我们眼前是无尽的夏日。
（vt&vi）伸出，伸开，伸懒腰
_________________________________-___. 他伸出一只手，把书捡起来。
5. meet相关单配：
_______________会见没有，与某人会晤
meeting place 聚集的地方，会场
　meet one’ ________/_______/_________满足某人需要
6. current [ adj.]
(1)现在的，现行的，当前的
　　Production is likely to _____________________.
　　产量很可能会保持当前的水平。
（2）通用的,流通的，流行的
　　These words are no longer current. _________________。
　（3）【n】水流，气流，电流
7. remove [vt&vi]
(1). vt. 移动，把…移走，搬开，拿开
　　________________________________. 请把包从座位上拿走。
(2). vt. 脱掉=_________
Come in and remove your wet coat 进来把你的湿外衣脱掉。
(3). 除去，去掉消除=_____________
His name was removed from the list.他的名字被从名单上除去了。
(4).vt 撤职.
______________________________.他们撤了他的职务。
(5). Vi 搬家，迁移=move
They are going to ______________a new building. 他们准备搬进一座新楼。
8. maintain. [vt.]
(1).维持，保持
The two countries have always ____________________.
这两个国家一直保持密切关系。
(2).维护，保护
　The house is large and _____________________. 房子很大，难以养护
(3).坚持己见，固执己见
She has always maintained her innocence.
______________________ 。

(4).供养，抚养
He was barely earning enough to maintain himself.
_______________________________。
9. balance [vt&vi]
(1). 平衡，平衡能力使平衡，保持平衡
___________________________. 运动员要有良好的平衡感。
(2).[n.]结余，余额 结欠， 欠款
The current balance in your account is $182现在你 账户上的结余为182英镑。
(3). 相抵，抵消
This year’s profits will balance our _____________.
今年的盈利可以抵消我们以前的亏损。
知识拓展：
_____________________保持平衡
_____________________失去平衡

（一B）
M4 Unit 2 New Words（2）

1. plenty of 许多，大量
　There _____plenty of time. 时间很充足。
　Plenty of students _______________. 许多学生想出国留学。
提示：
1）plenty of 后接___名词或_____名词，同时谓语动词的单复数形式与其后名词一致。
2）plenty of通常用于肯定句中；在否定句中用many或much代替；在疑问句中用enough代替。
e.g. There are_______ egg. 有许多鸡蛋。
There aren’t ______ eggs. 没有很多鸡蛋。
Are there _______ eggs? 有足够多的鸡蛋吗？
拓展：“许多，大量”的表达法：
修饰对象
词义 可数名词
[C] 不可数名词
[U] 可数/不可数名词
[C]/[U]

许多，大量 Many, many a / an,
a great / large number of ,
quite a few,
scores of ,
dozens of Much,
a good / great deal of, a large amount of, amounts of A lot of, lots of,
a large quantity of, quantities of,
plenty of,
a supply of,
supplies of 2. attraction [n.] [v.] _______ [adj.] ___________
(1). 吸引人的地方或事情 ___________________ 旅游景点
(2). 吸引力；诱惑力
City life holds little attraction for me. _______________________。
知识拓展：
attract sb. ____ sth. 使某人对某事感兴趣
the main attraction 最引人注意之处
　attract_________/__________ 引起兴趣/注意
3. otherwise adv. / conj. 否则，要不然
　Work hard, otherwise you will be sorry. 好好学习，否则你会后悔的。
　________________________________________.
　你现在得走了，要不然就赶不上公交车了。
提示：otherwise 作副词时，无比较级和最高级的用法；otherwise使起连接作用的状语，做两个句子的连接状语时不可置于句末，而应置于所连接的第二个句子的句首。
4. stretch [vt.]&[vi.]
(1).vt. 拉长/宽 撑大/松 ；铺开，舒展
I have to stretch these shoes. 我得把这些鞋子撑大。

　(2). (vi)变长，变宽，（布料）可伸缩，有弹性
The jeans stretch to provide a perfect fit. __________________________。
(3). (vi) (空间上)延伸， （时间上）延续
　________________________________________. 森林绵延数百英里。
　Endless summer days stretched out before us. 我们眼前是无尽的夏日。
（vt&vi）伸出，伸开，伸懒腰
_________________________________-___. 他伸出一只手，把书捡起来。
5. meet相关单配：
_______________会见没有，与某人会晤
meeting place 聚集的地方，会场
　meet one’ ________/_______/_________满足某人需要
6. current [ adj.]
(1)现在的，现行的，当前的
　　Production is likely to _____________________.
　　产量很可能会保持当前的水平。
（2）通用的,流通的，流行的
　　These words are no longer current. _________________。
　（3）【n】水流，气流，电流
7. remove [vt&vi]
(1). vt. 移动，把…移走，搬开，拿开
　　________________________________. 请把包从座位上拿走。
(2). vt. 脱掉=_________
Come in and remove your wet coat 进来把你的湿外衣脱掉。
(3). 除去，去掉消除=_____________
His name was removed from the list.他的名字被从名单上除去了。
(4).vt 撤职.
______________________________.他们撤了他的职务。
(5). Vi 搬家，迁移=move
They are going to ______________a new building. 他们准备搬进一座新楼。
8. maintain. [vt.]
(1).维持，保持
The two countries have always ____________________.
这两个国家一直保持密切关系。
(2).维护，保护
　The house is large and _____________________. 房子很大，难以养护
(3).坚持己见，固执己见
She has always maintained her innocence.
______________________ 。
(4).供养，抚养
He was barely earning enough to maintain himself.
_______________________________。
9. balance [vt&vi]
(1). 平衡，平衡能力使平衡，保持平衡
___________________________. 运动员要有良好的平衡感。
(2).[n.]结余，余额 结欠， 欠款
The current balance in your account is $182现在你 账户上的结余为182英镑。
(3). 相抵，抵消
This year’s profits will balance our _____________.
今年的盈利可以抵消我们以前的亏损。
知识拓展：
_____________________保持平衡
_____________________失去平衡

(二)
M4 Unit2
Reading(阅读部分)
Step1. Read this passage and answer the following questions:
1. How often were the Olympic Games held?
2. When and where were the modern Olympic Games held?
3. When did China return to the Games, and who won the first gold medal?
4. Who became the first Asian to win the gold medal in men’s 110-metre hurdles?
Step2. Compare the ancient Olympics and modern Olympics
The honourable games Ancient Olympics Modern Olympics Time ____1_____ ____2____
________3_________ All ___4___ Both ____5___and ____6____ Held at the ___7____ place Held at the ___8_____ place Only ___9_____ were allowed to compete. _____10______ from around the world can take part.
Step3. True or False
1)????? At the 1984 Barcelona Olympics, Jordan won his second Olympic medal.
2)????? Haile Gebreselassie first became famous and broke the world for the 10km run in 1992.
3)????? China returned to the Games after 32 years’ absence.
4)????? Deng Yaping won four Olympic gold medals and became an IOC member in 1992.
5)????? Cassius Clay returned to the Olympic Games in Atlanta in 1996 to light the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony.

（三）
M4 Unit2 Reading
Language points:
1. (Line 1) I am delighted to have been invited to …….the Olympic Games.
句型：sb. + be + adj. / v-ed 形式+ to have done sth. 谓语动词等常用被动语态，不定式完成式表示该动作发生在谓语动词之前。
e.g. _________________________________________. 有人认为他正在进行一项秘密的实验。
2. （Line 6）They were held at Olympia in Greece every four years.
Every 当“每；每隔”讲时，不能用each 替换；every后可用few，但不能接a few, 也不可接some，several， many等词；every可与“other+单数名词连用”。
每；每隔：Every + 基数词 + 复数名词
　　　　　Every + 序数词 + 单数名词
　　　　　Every other + 单数名词
　　　　　Every few + 复数名词
e.g. ________________ 每四天，每隔三天 __________________每三天，每隔两天 __________________每隔一天 ____________________每隔几天
3. (Line 9) At the ancient games, the athletes were all men and they had to
compete wearing no clothes.
古代奥运会的运动员都是男性，而且他们必须裸体竞技。
wearing no clothes 是现在分词短语，在从句中作________，修饰_________，表示伴随情况。
现在分词短语经常作状语，表示时间、原因、伴随情况或起补充说明作用等。
_____________________, he nodded from time to time. (时间) 他一边读书，一边不时地点头。
________________, he could not go to the film. (原因) 因为忙，他不能去看电影。
He hurried home, ____________________________ as he went. (伴随情况) 他赶紧回家，一边走一边不时地向后看。
4. (Line 14) Today, athletes from around the world can take part, no matter what language they speak.
from around 两个介词连用，表示更具体的内容。(He appeared _______________the tree.)
no matter what 相当于______________, 引导让步状语从句。
________________/___________________, don’t open the door. 无论谁敲门，都不要开。
_________________/___________________, do it well. 无论做什么，都要把它做好。
5. (Line 16) It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who restarted the Olympics.
“It was…… who……”为强调句型结构，强调的是a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin作_______________的同位语。
1) “It + be +被强调部分+ who/that……”
e.g. It was I who/that saw him in the street yesterday. (主语)昨天是我在街上看见了他。
　　It was in the street that I saw him yesterday. （地状）我昨天是在街上看见他的。
2) 一般疑问句形式：Be + it +被强调部分+ who/that……
3) 特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词（被强调部分）+ be + it + who/that……
4) not until 的强调句式：It be not until …… that +……..
E.g. _____________________ you graduated? 你是2008年毕业的吗？
___________________ you got home last night? 昨天晚上你是什么时候到家的？
______________________________ that I __________ she was a famous film star.
　　　直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。
6. （Line 17）His dream was that …… make it possible ……side by side.
1）That 引导表语从句， 不做成分不可省略。在 主语从句 和 同位语从句 中也不做成分不可省略。 E.g. The news ______________________________was encouraging.（同位语从句）
　　　　　　我们足球队赢得比赛的消息鼓舞人心。
　　　　　　________________________we are invited to a concert this evening. （主语从句）
　　　　　　我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会，这对我们来说是个好消息。
2）“make it + adj./n. + (for sb.) to do sth.” it 是______宾语，不定式是真正的宾语。用于此句型的动词还有 think, find, believe, feel, suppose, consider等。
e.g. He ______________________ those in trouble. 他认为帮助有困难的人是他的责任。
　　They have made ______ a rule _______ in the room
A. this; not to smoking B. it; smoking C. it; not to smoke D. it; not smoking
7. (Line 19) Now people……and among them are many well-known athletes.
此处为倒装结构，英语中，作表语的介词短语、形容词和过去分词置于句首时，句子要用完全倒装语序。
e.g. _________________________ Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
　　商品中有圣诞树、花、蜡烛和玩具。
　　_____________________________ some teachers and students.
　　出席会议的人包括一些教师和学生。
　　_____________________ when women were looked down upon.
　　妇女受歧视的年代一去不复返了。
8. (Line 45) At the 2004 … Liu Xiang …the first Asian to win the gold medal in the men’s 110-metre hurdles.
该句中的 the first 与 to win the gold medal…均作定语修饰名词Asian。英语中当一个名词或代词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，若在需要后置定语，则要用动词不定式的一般式。
e.g. ________________________ is from Beijing. 下一班要抵达的列车是北京开过来的的。
Madam Curie was ___________________________the Nobel Prize twice.
居里夫人是第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。
　 He is always____________________________.
　 他总是第一个来，最后一个走。
　-----The last one _______ pays the meal.
　-----Agreed!
　A. arrived B. to arrive C. arrives D. arriving

Important phrases:
2. __________________ to do sth. 高兴做某事 2. ___the end ____…在…结束时；在…末端
3. ___________________每四年；每隔三年 4. be ______________ sth. 被允许做…
5. take _____（in） 参与 6. in _____ of 纪念…;向表示敬意 7. ___________一起；肩并肩
8. play a______/__________ 起作用 9. ____________ one’s dream 实现梦想
10. _________ the name of 以… 为笔名 11. ______________ sth. 继续做另一件事
12._________ the record打破纪录 13. make _______________ to 对…做出贡献
14. _________________期待；盼望 15. join sb. __________sth. 与某人一起参加某活动
16. _________one’s attention 引起注意 17. ______________被看做 18._________一直；总是

（四）
M4U2
　　　　　　　Project(阅读部分)
Step1. True or False:
1. There are only two requirements for a sport entering the Olympics.
2. Sports were usually removed because they became less popular and had to make way for new, more popular sports.
3. Tae kwon do has been added only recently, in 2000.
4. It’s impossible that wushu can enter the Olympics.
5. Once the sports were removed, they couldn’t enter the Olympics any more.

Step2. Fill in the blanks:
　　　　　　　　　　Sports in the Olympics

How to enter:
_____1_______ Has its own international ____2_____. Must be practised by men in at least __3__ countries on at least four continents. In at least 40 countries on three continents women ____4____it. A current sport must be dropped in order___5____add a new sport. Sports are out Some less popular sports have been removed, ____6_______familiar sports as well as more unusual sports. Sports are in Some sports have been added only recently.
Many people think that_____7_____ Olympic sports will be included again. Sports are still trying Wushu is trying to___8___ the Olympics. However, it hasn’t got the ____9____of the IOC.
In the future, wushu fans may ____10___ their dream because the IOC is considering revising sports number and type.

Language points

2. Entering a sport into the Olympics can be a long process. (P38)
　 使一个体育项目进入奥运会有时会是一个很长的过程。
can:. 这里can 用来描述特有的行为或情形，常译为“有时会”
eg: Children can sometimes be very tiring.
　 It can be very cold here, even in May.
2. These sports were usually removed…to make way for…(P38)
give way to sth./ make way for sth.
(1.) to be replaced by sth, esp. because it is better, cheaper, easier被取代替代
eg:
　__________________________________________________.
　商店倒闭了被一个新开的饭店所取代
(2.) allow space or a free passage 让路
　　As is known to all, all traffic has to make way for fire-engine.
__________一路上，一直； 大老远 ___________顺便说一声；在途中
by way of 经过，经由 find one’s way ______________
___________ 在某种程度上；有点，有几分 in no way 决不
in the/one’s way挡路 lead the way ____________
_____________ 迷路 ___________ （辛苦地）前进，行走
________ 没门 on the/one’s way (to)在途中；渐趋于
under way （船只）航行中，（计划）进行中

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