逍遥右脑 2013-05-10 00:14
Unit1 名师点津（新人教版必修一）
Ⅰ .单项填空
1．After ________series of unsuccessful attempts，he has finally passed ________driving test .
A．不填；the B．a；the
C．the；a D．不填；a
解析：选B。考查冠词。a series of是固定短语，意为“一系列；一连串”，所以第一空用不定冠词a；第二空用定冠词the，特指驾驶考试。句意：经过连续几次的失败，他最终通过了驾驶考试。
2．—So you didn’t say hello to her last night?
—Well，I stopped and smiled when I saw her，but she ________me andwalked on .
A．ignored B．refused
C．denied D．missed
解析：选A。考查动词辨析。ignore不理睬；忽视。句意：“昨晚你没有向她打招呼？”“唉，我看到她时便停下朝她笑了笑，但她没有理我，一直往前走了。”refuse“拒绝”；deny“拒绝给予，否认”；miss“错过”。
3．She’s amazingly cheerful considering all she’s had to ________ .
A．get through B．cut through
C．go through D．see through
解析：选C。考查短语辨析。go through经历；经受。句意：经历了种种磨难，她还那么乐观，令人惊叹。get through“完成，通过，(给……)接通电话”；cut through“穿过，穿透”；see through“看穿，把……进行到底”。
4．—You look unhappy .Why?
—I’m always ________when I don’t get any mail .
A．confused B．fearful
C．upset D．doubtful
解析：选C。考查形容词辨析。upset此处用作形容词，意为“心烦意乱的”。答语意为：我接不到任何邮时总是心烦意乱。confused“困惑的”；fearful“害怕的，可怕的”；doubtful“怀疑的，不肯定的”。
5．The doctor told Jack’s mother that it would not take him long to ________from his illness .
A．suffer B．separate
C．escape D．recover
解析：选D。考查动词辨析。recover“痊愈，恢复”，常和from连用。句意：医生告诉Jack的妈妈不用多久他就会痊愈的。suffer from“遭受(痛苦、疾病、损失等)”；separate from“分离，分开”；escape from“从……中逃脱”。
6．—y sister is very upset today .
—It’s your fault .You ________the bad news to her yesterday .
A．should tell B．should have told
C．shouldn’t have told D．must tell
解析：选C。你昨天本不应该把坏消息告诉她。
7．There was ________time ________Iraq was one of the strongest countries in the world .
A．a；when B．a；that
C．the；that D．the；when
解析：选A。本题考查定语从句。a time指“一段时期”，是先行词，关系副词用when。
8．—Tom said that r .Johnson was unfair to him .
—I really wonder how he ________that to the teacher .
A．dare to say B．dare saying
C．not dare say D．dared say
解析：选D。dare是情态动词，它的过去式是dared，后接动词原形。dare作行为动词时，要用dare to do sth .，行为动词有数的变化，这句话的主语是he，其谓语的正确形式应该是dared to say。
9．The old lady lives in a ________village far away from the city .She lives ________but she doesn’t feel ________ .
A．lonely；lonely；alone B．alone；alone；lonely
C．lonely；alone；lonely D．alone；lonely；alone
解析：选C。选项中前一个lonely意为“偏远的”；后一个lonely意为“寂寞的”，指心理状态。而alone指客观上“独自一个”，此处为副词。
10．It was after he got what he had wanted ________he realized it was not so important .
A．that B．when
C．since D．as
解析：选A。该句为强调句，强调了句子的时间状语after he got what he had wanted，强调句的结构是It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其余成分。
Ⅱ .阅读理解
A
(2010年江苏启东市一调)Not long ago，people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old .Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life .
Scientists note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment .They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes .A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregivers .This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other human beings .
One study shows that babies can learn before they are born .The researchers placed a tape recorder on the stomach of a pregnant woman .Then，they played a recording of a short story .On the day the baby was born，the researchers attempted to find if he knew the sounds of the story repeated while in his mother .They did this by placing a device in the mouth of the newborn baby .
The baby would hear the story if he moved his mouth one way .If the baby moved his mouth the other way，he would hear a different story .The researchers say the baby clearly liked the story he had heard before he was born .They say the baby would move his mouth so he could hear the story again and again .
Another study shows how mothers can strongly influence social development and language skills in their children .
Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years .The researchers attempted to measure the sensitivity of the mothers .The women were considered sensitive if they supported their children’s activities and did not interfere unnecessarily .They tested the children for thinking and language development when they were three years old .Also，the researchers observed the women for signs of depression .
The children of depressed women did not do as well in tests as the children of women who did not suffer from depression .The children of depressed women did poorly in tests of language skills and understanding what they heard .
These children also were less cooperative and had more problems dealing with other people .The researchers noted that the sensitivity of the mothers was important to the intelligence development of their children .Children did better when their mothers were caring，even when they suffered from depression .
【解题导语】 本主要讲述了婴幼儿的智力发育情况，通过两个实验表明：婴儿在生命的第一天就可以开始学习，母亲的情感能强烈地影响孩子的社会发展和语言技巧。
1．According to the passage，which of the following is NOT the factor that influences the intelligence development in babies?
A．The environment . B．other’s sensitivity .
C．Their peers(同龄人) . D．Education before birth .
解析：选C。归纳总结题。影响婴幼儿智力发育的因素有：the environment，mother’s sensitivity，education before birth三个方面。只有C项原没有提到。
2．What is the purpose of the experiment in which newborn babies heard the stories?
A．To prove that babies can learn before they are born .
B．To prove that babies can learn on the first day they are born .
C．To show mothers can strongly influence the intelligence development in their babies .
D．To indicate early education has a deep effect on the babies’ language skills .
解析：选A。细节推断题。从中第三段第一句话“One study shows that babies can learn before they are born .”可知答案。
3．Which group of children did the worst in tests of language skills?
A．The children of depressed mothers who cared little for their children .
B．The children of women who did not suffer from depression .
C．The children of depressed but caring mothers .
D．Children with high communication abilities .
解析：选A。推理判断题。从的最后两段可以看出，如果母亲意志消沉，对自己的孩子关心甚少，那么孩子在智力和语言方面的发育就会比其他孩子差。
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Scientific findings about how babies develop before birth .
B．Scientific findings about how the environment has an effect on babies’intelligence .
C．A study shows babies are not able to learn things until they are born or six months old .
D．Scientific findings about how intelligence develops in babies .
解析：选D。主旨大意题。本通过两个实验说明婴幼儿的智力发育情况。
B
(2010年东兖州市模块检测)You wake up in the morning，the day is beautiful and the plans for the day are what you have been looking forward to for a long time .Then the telephone rings，you say hello，and the drama starts .The person on the other end has a depressing(令人沮丧的)tone in his voice as he starts to tell you how terrible his morning is and that there is nothing to look forward to .Are you still in a wonderful mood？Impossible!
Communicating with negative people can wash out your happiness .It may not change what you think，but communicating long enough with them will make you feel depressed for a moment or a long time .
Life brings ups and downs，but some people are stuck in the wrong idea that life has no happiness to offer .They only feel glad when they make others feel bad .No wonder they can hardly win others’pity or respect .
When you communicate with positive people，your spirit stays happy and therefore more positive things are attracted .When the dagger(匕首)of a negative person is put in you，you have the heavy feeling that all in all，brings you down .
Sometimes we have no choice but to communicate with negative people .This could be a coworker，or a relative .In this case，say what needs to be said as little as possible .Sometimes it feels good to let out your anger back to the negative person，but all this does is to lower you to that same negative level and they won’t feel ashamed of themselves about that .
Negativity often affects happiness without even being realized .The negative words of another at the start of the day can cling to (附着)you throughout the rest of your day，which makes you feel bad and steals your happiness .Life is too short to feel negative .Stay positive and avoid negativity as much as possible .
【解题导语】 本主要介绍了与心态积极和消极的两种人交流给我们的心情和生活带的不同影响。最后告诉我们：生命是短暂的，我们要以一种积极的心态面对人生。
5 .The purpose of the first paragraph is to ________ .
A．make a comparison B．offer an evidence
C．introduce a topic D．describe a daily scene
解析：选C。写作意图题。第一段主要讲的是一个人早晨起心情不错，认为美好的一天即将开始，可是接到了一个电话，对方心情很沮丧，和他交流之后，本美好的心情荡然无存。作者由此引入本的主题。
6．How can negative people have effect on us?
A．By influencing our emotion .
B．By telling us the nature of life .
C．By changing our way of thinking .
D．By comparing their attitude to life with ours .
解析：选A。细节理解题。从第二段的首句以及“communicating long enough with them will make you feel depressed for a moment or a long time”可知答案。
7．Some negative people base their happiness on ________ .
A．other people’s pity for them
B．making other people unhappy
C．building up a positive attitude
D．other people’s respect for them
解析：选B。细节理解题。从第三段的第二句可知答案。
8．According to the passage，to reduce negative people’s influence on us，we are advised ________ .
A．to change negative people’s attitude to life
B．to show our dissatisfaction to negative people
C．to make negative people feel ashamed of themselves
D．to communicate with negative people as little as possible
解析：选D。细节理解题。从倒数第二段中的“In this case，say what needs to be said as little as possible .”可知答案。
Ⅲ .任务型读写
Going up to university to study for a degree means you have decided to study professionally，rather than as an amateur；so being a student is now your profession for at least the next four years .This
involves a change of attitude in many ways .Now，instead of taking several subjects，you have chosen one major subject because you find it interesting and worth exploring further .You also have the goal of getting a degree .The degree and the stages you have to pass through to achieve it give you motivation .You are no longer forced to stay in school all day，and apart from your class time，you organize your own time and place for studying .
Another change is in the relationship with those who teach you .You are there to study actively rather than to be taught passively .Your teachers may or may not urge you，but they do want you to share their interest in the subject and they want you to succeed .If you get work back with a poorer mark than you expected and with various criticisms，don’t feel discouraged by this；if you don’t understand what is wrong and how to improve，ask your teacher to explain and don’t be satisfied until you do understand .
Professionalism involves training and practicing .Some activities，like reading，notetaking，speaking and discussing are basic to studying .ake sure you can do these effectively .You have to use time well，and practice to improve your skills .
Effective reading is part of your training .Since it is a learned skill we can change the way we did since in primary school and relearn it .Learn how to read fast—how to read with your eyes rather than your throat，how to ignore words like“of”and“the”，and how to keep what you read .
You take notes in class for yourself，not for anyone else，so make your notes easy to read，economical and pleasing to the eyes .Vary the arrangement on the page to suit the material(diagrams，columns，underlining)，use colored pens for different topics to catch the eyes and make things stand out .Work out your own shorthand speedwriting .
Group discussions give you a chance to train your ability to express yourself .Don’t be the nonspeaking member of the group .Take an active part in the discussion .In the future you are almost certainly going to have to be good at speaking，so get into the way of talking about your subject now .This is actually more fun than sitting being silently uncomfortable .Nobody will think what you say is foolish .Everyone will be thankful not to face embarrassed silence .
【解题导语】 本主要从程的选择、学习的自主性以及一些学习技巧的对比介绍大学学习特点。
1．解析：参照的标题“On(论)being a university student”，所以本的主题(Theme/Outline)是大学学习的特点。
答案：Theme/Outline
2．解析：参照第二段中“You also have the goal of getting a degree”可知。
答案：degree
3．解析：参照对比的内容和图表格式可知。
答案：differences
4．解析：参照第二段中“You are no longer forced to stay in school all day”可知。
答案：forced
5 .解析：参照第二段中“you organize your own time and place for studying”可知。
答案：whenever
6．解析：参照第五段中“how to read with your eyes rather than your throat”可知。
答案：silently
7．解析：参照第五段中“how to ignore words like”可知。
答案：Avoid
8．解析：参照第四段中“like reading，notetaking，speaking and discussing”可知。
答案：Notetaking
9．解析：参照第六段中“use colored pens for different topics”可知。
答案：colors
10．解析：参照第七段中“Take an active part in the discussion”可知。
答案：actively