2012届高考英语单元知识点导学案

2012届高考英语顶尖学案：外研版
odule 1　y First Day at Senior High我高中的第一天
核心词汇
1．When I began to sing，he laughed and made me ____________ (尴尬)．
2．We have just received ______________ (说明)that we must hand in all our baggage in no time.
3．Their ____________ (态度)towards me shows that they don’t like me.
4. He was chosen as an ____________ (助手)to help r.Brown finish his research.
5．They had a m____________，but they have become friendly again recently.
5．They had a m____________，but they have become friendly again recently.
6．He can speak several languages f______________.
7．He became ____________(狂热的)about classical music.
8．After arriving in New York, he ____________ (告知)his mother of his safe arrival.
9．To the teacher’s ____________，the____________news that he failed the exam not only made him very ____________but also ____________all of us.(disappoint)
10．—What’s your first ____________of our school?
—Oh，I’m greatly ____________by the beautiful campus. (impress)
高频短语
1．______________　　与……相似
2．______________ 一点也不像；没有什么比得上
3．______________ 单独地；独自地
4．______________ 换句话说
5．______________ 期待；盼望
6.________________ 在……开始/结束的时候
7．______________ 被(划)分成……
8．______________ 参加
9．______________ 远离；离……远
10．______________ 上大学
重点句式
1．Every room has a computer with a special screen，almost____________a cinema screen.
每间教室都配备有一台电脑，电脑屏幕是和电影院屏幕大小差不多的特殊屏幕。
2．We’re using a new textbook and s Shen’s method of teaching is nothing like____________of the teachers at my Junior High school.
我们使用新的教科书而且沈老师的教学方法和我初中老师的教学方法一点也不一样。
3．I ____________ I will be bored in s Shen’s class!
我认为上沈老师的我是不会感到厌倦的！
4．In other words, there are ____________boys.
换句话说，女生人数是男生人数的三倍。
5．—I’ve just been to my first language class.
我刚刚上了我的第一堂语言。
—Oh really? ____________.
噢，真的吗？我也是。
答案：
1.As big as 2.that 3.don’t think
4.Three times as many girls as
5.So have I
知识详解
① 1similar　adj.　相似的，类似的
(回归本P2)Are Senior High teachers similar to Junior High teachers?
高中的老师和初中的老师一样吗？
【归纳总结】
①(2010年高考安徽卷)American cities are similar to other cities around the world.
美国城市和世界上的其它城市相似。
②(朗P1911)We have similar tastes in music .
我们对音乐的品味相近。
③She was late and I similarly was delayed.
她迟到了，我也晚了。
④Can you tell points of similarity between the two men?
你能说出这两人的相似之处吗？
【例句探】
1．完成句子
(1)The weather of Beijing ________________(很相似) that of New York.
答案：is very similar to
(2)Can you think of a phrase ____________(相似) that one?
答案：similar to
【即境活用】
② amazing　 adj.　令人吃惊的；令人惊讶的
(回归本P2)The teachers are very enthusiastic and friendly and the classrooms are amazing.
老师们非常热情友好，教室里的设备让人惊讶。
【归纳总结】
①The new car is running
at an amazing speed.
这辆新车正以惊人的速度奔驰着。
②(朗P59)We were amazed at his rapid recovery.
我们对他这么快就康复感到极为惊奇。
③(朗P59)Visitors are often amazed to discover how little the town has changed.
旅游者经常会惊讶地发现这个小城几乎没有什么变化。
④He stood in amazement at the sight.
面对眼前的情景，他惊愕地站在那里。
【例句探】
2．用amaze 的适当形式
(1)What __________ me is how long she managed to hide the secret from us.
答案：amazed
(2)It is an __________ discovery so that we are __________ at it.
答案：amazing；amazed
(3)To our __________， he changed so little after 20 years.
答案：amazement
【即境活用】
attitude 　n．　态度；看法；姿态
(回归本P2)I like her attitude very much...
我很喜欢她的态度……
③
【归纳总结】
an attitude to/ towards sth./sb.对……的态度、看法?have (take) a good /bad/positive/negative attitude ?to /towards sb./sth.?对某人/某事物持好的/坏的/肯定的/否定的态度?What’s your attitude to /towards...？?你对……有什么看法？
【注意】　attitude 后面的 to 是介词。
①Do you know his attitude to / towards the question?
你知道他对这个问题的看法吗？
②The villagers all took a friendly attitude to / towards us.
村民们对我们都采取友好的态度。
③(2010年高考东卷)Sitting at the same table and sharing meals is where and when parents can find out more about their children’s school performance, daily activities and attitudes toward life.
坐在同一张餐桌上就餐，父母就能更多地了解孩子在学校的表现，日常活动情况以及对生活的态度。
【例句探】
3．In order to change attitudes__________employing women, the government is bringing in new laws.
A．about　　　　　　　　　B．of
C．towards D．on
解析：选 C 。attitude 在此意为“态度，看法”，其后常接towards或 to 。
【即境活用】
★4.完成句子
He ________________ his schoolwork.
他对功的态度不端正。
答案：has/takes a bad attitude to / towards
【归纳总结】
【例句探】
①Father impressed on me the value of hard work.
父亲向我强调努力工作的重要意义。
②The old woman’s words were deeply impressed on/ upon my memory.
那位老大娘的话我铭记在心。
③The tourist attraction made/ left a good impression on us.
这个旅游胜地给我们留下了很好的印象。
④(2010年高考北京卷)For some reason，she was impressed with my work and me .
由于某种原因，她对我及我的工作印象深刻。
5．The boy with glasses __________the judge with his attitude and sense of humor.
A．impressed　　　　　　　 B．caused
C．aided D．preferred
解析：选A。此题考查固定搭配。句意：戴眼镜的那个男孩的态度和幽默感给裁判留下了很深的印象。impress 意为“使……印象深刻”；impress sb.with sth.为固定搭配，意为“给某人留下印象”。
【即境活用】
★6.完成句子
The new teacher ______________________ the students.
新教师给学生们留下了好印象。
答案：made/left /had a good impression on
⑤ cover 　v．　包含；走完(一段路程)；覆盖；掩盖；报道；够支付
(回归本P9)Secondary school in the US usually covers seven years，grades six to twelve.
美国中学教育通常包括六到十二年级在内的七个年级。
【归纳总结】
cover...with...用……覆盖……?
be covered with...覆盖着……(强调状态)?
be covered by...被……覆盖(强调动作)?
cover up 掩盖；掩饰
①This book is said to be a special one, which covers many events not found in other history books.
据说这本书很特别，里面涉及到许多在其他历史书籍中找不到的事情。
②A reporter was sent to cover the accident.
一名记者被派去报道那个事故。
【例句探】
③Our town covers an area of 10 square kilometres.
我们镇占地10平方公里。
④Your parents will have to cover your tuition fees.
你的父母得支付你的学费。
⑤(牛津P460)The wind blew in from the desert and covered everything with sand.
风从沙漠那边吹，把一切都蒙上了一层沙子。
★7.写出下列句子中cover 的意思
(1)She covered her face with her hands.
答案：掩盖
(2)By sunset we had covered thirty miles.
答案：走过
(3)Do the rules cover all possible cases?
答案：包含；涉及
(4)He was sent to cover the spread of the flu in the university.
答案：报道；采访
【即境活用】
8．(2009年高考东卷)—Do you have enough to __________all your daily expenses?
—Oh，yes，enough and to spare.
A．cover　　　　　　　 B．spend
C．fill D．offer
解析：选A。cover 在此处意为“支付，够……之用”，问句句意：“你有足够的钱支付日常开销吗？”
⑥ nothing like　完全不像，决不，远远没有
(回归本P3)We’re using a new textbook and s. Shen’s method of teaching is nothing like that of the teachers at my Junior High school.
我们使用的是新本，沈老师的教学方法一点也不像我在初中时的老师们的教学方法。
【归纳总结】
something like大约；有点(像)?
anything like (多用于疑问句)多少有点像?
more like有可能像
①The course was nothing like what I’d expected.
这门程一点也不像我期望的那样。
②It will cost something like ￡10.大约要花10英镑。
③Was the film anything like the original book?
这部电影拍得是否和原著相符？
【例句探】
★9.The way children learn about the world is ________that of adults—the former by eyes while the latter by sense.
A．anything like　　　　B．feel like
C．nothing like D．something like
解析：选C。句意：孩子们了解世界的方式与成年人的完全不同——前者凭视觉，而后者凭感觉。 anything like 常用在疑问句中，意为“多少有点像”；feel like “摸起像，想要”；nothing like“与……完全不同”；something like “大约，有几分像”。
【即境活用】
10．(2010年高考江西卷)Swimming is my favorite sport.There is ________like swimming as a means of keeping fit.
A．something　　　　　　 B．anything
C．nothing D．everything
解析：选C。考查不定代词。句意：游泳是我最爱的运动。再没有比游泳更好的锻炼方式了。There is nothing like...意为“没有什么能像……”。
⑦ in other words　换句话，换言之
(回归本P3) In other words，there are three times as many girls as boys.
换句话说，女生(人数)是男生的三倍。
【归纳总结】
in a/one word简言之，总之? keep one’s word/promise遵守诺言? break one’s word/promise食言；违背诺言?have a word with sb.与某人交谈?have words with sb.与某人吵架?word for word逐字地?in words用语言?word came that...有消息传……?(word意为“消息”时，为不可数名词)?leave word留言
①The boss asked him to leave—in other words，he was fired.
老板请他走人，也就是说，他被解雇了。
②In a word，what you did is far from satisfactory.
总之，你所做的事并不令人满意。
③I couldn’t express my anger in words.
我无法用语言表达我的愤怒。
④Word came that the Houston Rockets won the game again.
消息传，休斯敦火箭队又赢得了比赛。
【例句探】
★11.It is never easy to ask him to help others.__________， he is very selfish.
A．In the end　　　　　　 B．In all
C．In the way D．In other words
解析：选D。句意：要他帮助别人绝非易事，换言之，他非常自私。in the end “最后，最终”；in all “总计，总共”；in the way “挡道”，均不符合题干要求。in other words“换句话说，也就是说”，符合题意，故选D项。
【即境活用】
12．(2010年高考上海卷完形)The answer is adding，deleting，replacing，reordering，—________，revising.
A．in particular B．as a result
C．for example D．in other words
解析：选D。美国百老汇的许多彩排或预演的目的都是要对剧本进行增加、删减、替换、重新排序等各种工序，这些都能笼统地被称为“修订”，因此这里用in other words 表示“换句话说”。
⑧ look forward to 　期待；盼望
(回归本P3)I’m looking forward to doing it!
我正期盼着做家庭作业呢！
【归纳总结】
look forward to doing ...　盼望做……，此处 to 为介词。?常用的类似“动词＋介词to”的短语还有：?pay attention to...注意……?turn to 求助于?be/get used to习惯于?refer to 参考；涉及?get down to着手/开始认真干?stick to 坚持?devote ...to...献身于……?lead to 导致；通向?object to 反对
①We are looking forward to receiving your e?mails.
我们盼望收到你的电子邮。
②I look forward to your visit next week.
我期待着你下周访。
③Isn’t it time that you got down to doing your homework?
还没到你做作业的时间吗？
④He has been devoting his whole life to benefiting mankind.
他把自己的一生贡献给了造福人类的事业。
⑤All roads lead to Rome.条条道路通罗马。
【例句探】
13．uch to their joy，the day they looked forward to ________at last.
A．coming　　　　　　　　B．had come
C．came D．to come
解析：选C。注意此处的句子结构，主语是 the day，而they looked forward to 是省略引导词 that 的定语从句，所以此处缺少谓语动词。
【即境活用】
★14.He looked forward to ________who was making a loud noise in the crowd.
A．see　　　　　　　　　B．seeing
C．seen D．have seen
解析：选A。在此题干中，look forward 意为“向前看”，后面动词不定式表目的。这道题很容易迷惑人，受思维定势的影响，很容易选B。因此做题时应注意句子结构和句意。
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】　 In other words, there are three times as many girls as boys.(P3)
换句话说，女生(人数)是男生的三倍。
【句法分析】　这是一个表达倍数的句型。times 在句中的意思是“倍数”，一般只限于表示三倍或三倍以上的数，表示两倍通常用 twice或 double。句式中表倍数的数字处也可为分数、百分数、half等其他程度状语。
【归纳总结】
表示倍数的句型通常有下列几个：?
(1)A is three (four，etc.)times the size (height，length，width， etc.)of B.?
(2)A is three (four， etc.)times as big (high， long， wide， etc.)as B.?
(3)A is three (four， etc.)times bigger (higher，longer， wider， etc.)than B.?
(4)The size (height， length，width，etc .)of A is three(four，etc.)times of B.
①This hospital is four times the size of that one.
＝This hospital is four times as big as that one.
＝The size of this hospital is four times of that one.
这所医院是那所医院的四倍大。
②Our total income of 2010 was double that of 2009.
我们2010年的总收入是2009年的两倍。
③This room is half the size of that one.
这个房间是那个房间的一半大。
★15.(2009年高考辽宁卷)Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s，but it cost________his .
A．as much twice as 　　　 B．twice as much as
C．much as twice as D．as twice much as
解析：选B。考查倍数，用“倍数＋as＋adj.＋as”结构，故应选B。
【即境活用】
16．汉译英
我们学校的面积是他们学校面积的3倍。
①Our school is three times ________ ________their school.
答案：as large as
②Our school is twice _________ ________ their school.
答案： larger than
③Our school is three times ________ ________ ______ their school.
答案： the size of
② 【教材原句】　Oh really？So have I．(P8)
真得吗？我也是(刚上了第一节语言)。
【句法分析】　So have I. 是一个部分倒装句，在此处相当于I also have just been to my first language class.。
(1)so ，neither 或nor 位于句首时，表示前面所述的情况也适合另一个人或事物，要采用部分倒装句式。
①You were on time and so was I.
你很准时，我也一样。
②Frank adores dogs and so does his wife.
弗兰克非常爱狗，他妻子也一样。
③If you don’t go to the wedding，nor /neither will I.
如果你不去参加婚礼，我也不去。
(2)“so ＋主语＋do /did/be” 表示该句的主语确实做了前面的动作或处于某种状态。
④“Don’t forget your brother is coming round for dinner.”
“So he is .I’d better get some food in.”
“别忘记你弟弟要过吃晚饭。”“对了，他要的。我还是去买点吃的回。”
(3)“主语＋do/did＋so”表示该句的主语按照前面提到的做了。
⑤He said he would go to play football and he did so.
他说要去踢足球，他真去了。
(4)当前面句子的谓语不止一个，且情况较为复杂时，如：形式不一致、时态不一致、既有肯定又有否定等，通常用 So it is /was with...或It is/was the same with...表示“……也是一样”。
⑥She is very clever but she doesn’t work hard. And so it is with her brother.
她很聪明但学习不刻苦。她哥哥也是如此。
⑦I know a lot about New York，but I haven’t had the chance to visit it.It is the same with Susan.
我对纽约了解一些，但我一直没有机会去参观。苏珊也是。
【即境活用】
17．Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and________.
A．I was neither　　　　　B．neither was I
C．I was either D．either was I
解析：选B。句意：比尔对Jason 做报告推迟这事表示不高兴，我也不高兴。根据题意可知，我也不(高兴)，neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋sb.表示某人也不(同意或赞成上的观点)，易把 either 看做neither ，无either was I 句式，故选B。
★18.句型转换
—I have been abroad twice. y wife has also been abroad twice.
—I have been abroad twice and _________________my wife.
答案：so has


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