逍遥右脑 2013-03-23 14:30
2012年中考英语考点19指示代词
表示“这个”，“那个”，“这些”，“那些”等意思的代词叫做指示代词。指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式
1、指示代词用法：
(1) 作主语：
This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。
This is what I want to emphasize. 这就是我想强调的。
This is a chair. 这是一把椅子。
That is Linda's book. 这是琳达的书。
Whose pens are those? 那些是谁的钢笔。
(2) 作宾语：
We should always keep this in mind. 我们应当经常记住这一点。
I like this better than that. 我喜欢这个甚至那个。
Have you read this? 你读过这个吗？
I like these but she likes those. 我喜欢这些，而她喜欢那些。
(3) 作表语：
y point is this. 我的观点就是如此。
Her plan is this. 她的是这样的。
His worries are those. 他的烦恼就是那些。
(4) 作定语：
You can't swim at this time of the year. 你不能在这个时候游泳。
I don't like that man. 我不喜欢那个人。
We must get to know these tricks of theirs. 我们必须懂得他们这一套鬼花招。
2、指示代词的用法区别
(1) this和these一般指在空间和时间上较近的事物，that和those一般指在空间和时间上较远的事物。
例：This is a map of China and that is a map of the world.
这是一张中国地图，那是一张世界地图。
Please come this way. We'll go in by that door. 请这边走，我们从那扇门进去。
In those year they led a hard life. 在那些岁月里，他们生活得很艰难
2) this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物，有启下的作用，that和those常指前面已经讲到过的事物，起承上的作用。
例：I shall say this to you: he is an honest man. 我将对你说这一点：他是一个诚实的人。
He felt ill. That is why he didn't come. 他病了，那就是他没的原因。
He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars. 他打破了玻璃，那花费了他5美元。
(3) that和those有时可用代替前面提到过的东西，以避免重复这个名词：
These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 这些机器比我们去年生产的好。
The oil output in 1988 was much higher than that of 1986. 1988年的石油产量比1986年高很多。
The history of China is as interesting as that of Russia. 中国的历史同俄国的历史一样有趣。
(4) 在电话中，this表示打电话者，that表示接电话的对方。
例：A: Hello! This is Bob (speaking).喂，我是鲍勃。
B: Who's that please? 请问是哪位？（美语用Who's it?或Who's this?）
3、such也是一个指示代词，在句子中可用作：
(1) 定语：
We have had such a busy day. 我们今天忙得真够呛。
I don’t like such weather. 我不喜欢这样的天气。
(2) 主语：
Such was my immediate impression. 这就是我当时的印象。
Such are the results. 结果就是如此。
(3) 表语：
His illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 他的病还不至于使人焦虑不安。
4、same也可以看作指示代词，在句中能作定语、主语、表语或宾语：
She said the same thing all over again. 她把同样的话又说了一遍。
The same may be said of his brother. 他弟弟也有这种情形。
Our views are the same. 我们的看法是相同的。
“Happy New year!” “The same to you!” “新年好！”“新年好！”