逍遥右脑 2013-03-06 00:09
2011-2012学年高一英语必修1（冀教版）素材（含教案和练习）
Unit 3 en and WomenDifferent Roles in Society（2）
一. 内容：
Unit 3 （II）
语法讲解：
直接引语和间接引语
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构、人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢?
1. 人称的转变
（1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：
He said，“I am very sorry.” →He said that he was very sorry.
（2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如：
“You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.→
y father told me that I should be more careful the next time.
（3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：
She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.” →
She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.
（4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：
He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” →
He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。
2. 时态的转换
直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：
直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时
现在进行时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时
现在完成时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去进行时
一般将时 过去将时
例如：
“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. →
She said she was very glad to visit our school.
Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” →
Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
other asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” →
other asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” →
He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.
“Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. →
The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
other asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” →
other asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” →
Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.
He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days.” →
He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.
3. 直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况
（1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：
He always says, “I am tired out.” →He always says that he is tired out.
（2）当主句的谓语动词是将时的时候，如：
He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you.” →He will say that he will try his best to help me.
（3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：
He said, “I went to college in 1994.” →He told us that he went to college in 1994.
（4）当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：
He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” →
He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
（5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：
Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” →
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
（6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：
He said，“Practice makes perfect.” →He said that practice makes perfect.
（7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时，如：
例如：
The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.” →
The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.
He said, “She must be a teacher.”→ He said that she must be a teacher.
He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by no”→
He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.
The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today.”→
The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions.
She asked, “ust I take the medicine?”→ She asked if she had to take the medicine.
［注］：此处用had to代替must更好
（8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。如：
Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.
Student : What did the teacher say, onitor?
onitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
4. 时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化
（1）时间状语：
直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语
now then tomorrow the next（following）day
today that day next week the next（following）week（month, year）
yesterday the day before two days ago two days before
last week （month, year） the week（month, year）before this week that week（month, year）
（2）指示代词：these 变成those
（3）地点状语：here变成there
She said, “I won't come here any more.”→ She said that she wouldn’t go there any more.
（4）动词：come变成go，bring变成take
5. 直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化
（1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可用直接引语中的said, 也可用told代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如：
He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” →He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said, “I'll give you an examination next onday.”→
He told us that he would give us an examination the next onday.（不可说told that）
此外主句中的谓语还常有：
repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如：
He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”→ He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.
如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。
The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”→
The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.
（2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。
He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”→
He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”→
He asked whether I was interested in English.
（3）直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…。如：
He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”→
He asked me whether I spoke English or French.
I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”→
I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.
（4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：
He asked，“What's your name?”→ He asked（me）what my name was.
He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”→
He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
（5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：
He said，“Be seated, please.”→ He asked us to be seated.
“Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said. →
He told me to be careful with my handwriting.
“Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. →
The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.
“Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. →
The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.
（6）有些含有“建议”→、“劝告”→的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述，如：
He said, “Let's have a rest.”→ He suggested our having a rest.
He said, “Let me help you.”→ He offered to help me.
（7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述。如：
“Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. →He asked me to open the door.
“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us. →
He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested we go out for a walk.
（8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：
She said, “What a lovely day it is!”→ She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day.
【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
一、阅读理解
阅读下列短，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
A
y neighbor’s 8-year-old daughter used to stay in the countryside, her native place. Recently her parents brought her to town to live with them. Rude and wild, she would swear or use impolite words when she was displeased. Sometimes she went so far to roll on the ground, to the disgust of all people around. Her parents tried to tame her by beating and kicking, only to result in more violent performance. Finally they became thoroughly disappointed of her.
One day their next-door neighbor, a retired woman teacher, gave the girl a snow-white dress, which was very beautiful. It immediately aroused sparks in her eyes and made them shine brilliantly. The girl put on the dress and became quite another person. She no longer said rude words or hit others, even less rolled on the floor. She knew running wild was beneath her in such a beautiful dress. Since then the girl has been gentle, neat and lovely.
The story set me thinking a lot. aybe everybody has a beautiful dress hidden somewhere in his or her heart. Only some people aren’t aware of it, forget it or lose it. Beauty is also a powerful force. It can arise fine qualities that humans are born with but have so far unrevealed. It has soul-shaking influence that is indeed unparalleled.
1. We can learn from the first paragraph that _______________.
A. the girl was pleased to swear and use rude words
B. not all the people around disliked her
C. the girl became polite after being beating and kicking
D. the girl was hard to tame
2. The text is mainly written to explain _____________.
A. beating and kicking is not everything
B. everyone can be educated
C. everybody dreams of having a beautiful dress
D. beauty is powerful and effective
3. What might be the most suitable title for the text?
A. Retired Woman Teacher B. A Naughty Girl
C. A Beautiful Dress D. A oving Story
B
The Americans divided their holidays into two different systems. In the first system are the official government holidays. ost of these are fixed to the nearest onday to provide a three-day weekends for office staffs.
The three summer holidays—emorial Day, the Fourth of July(Independence Day) and Labour Day—are legal outdoor barbecues (烤肉野餐). All across the country home members dust off their Weber grill (烤架), open packs or hot dogs for the children and take out chicken, steak or ribs for the adults.
The population at large also observes a dozen or more unofficial holidays. St. Patrick’s Day turns everybody in the United States into honorary Irishmen and women. Everything turns green. Bars serve green beer, bakeries produce green bread, Chicago goes the extra mile and dyes the river green.
New Year’s Eve celebrations on the East Coast center around television events from Times
Square, New York, the official organization announces when the New Year arrives. But since the United States covers five time zones, the New Year jumps across the country in one-hour jumps, and by the time Hawaii strikes its clock for the New Year, the rest of the country is fast asleep.
4. Why do most of the first system holidays are fixed to nearest onday?
A. Because most of the them are official government holidays.
B. Because the large population of them are unofficial holidays.
C. In order to provide a longer holiday for office staffs.
D. In order to provide weekends for office staffs.
5. Which of the following does NOT belong to official government holidays?
A. St. Patrick’s Day B. The Fourth of July
C. Labour Day D. emorial Day
6. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?
A. On outdoor barbecues, providing packs of hot dogs for the children and adults.
B. On St. Patrick’s Day, everything turns or dyes green, including beer bread and river.
C. The New Year is celebrated at the same time in USA.
D. By the time Hawaii strikes its clock, it means that the New Year is coming in USA.
C
In the past, people who graduated from college felt proud of their academic achievement and believe that their degree would help them to find a good job.
However, in the past four years the job market has changed dramatically. This year’s college graduates are facing one of the worst job markets in years. For example, Ryan Stewart, a graduate of San Jose State University, got a degree in religious studies, but he has not gotten any job offers. He points out that many people already working are getting laid off and don’t have jobs, so it’s even harder for new college graduates to find jobs.
Four years ago, the future looked bright for the class of 2003. There were many high-tech (“dot com”) job opportunities, graduates received many job offers, and they were able to get jobs with high salaries and benefits such as insurance and paid vacations. However, “Times have changed. It’s a new market,” according to Cheryl Allmen-Vinnidge of the San Jose State Career Center.
Allmen-Vinnidge says students who do find jobs started preparing two years ago. They worked during summer vacations, they have had several internships, and they majored in fields that are still paying well, such as accounting or nursing.
Even teaching is not a secure profession no Ryan Stewart wanted to be a teacher, but instead he will probably go back to school in order to become a college teacher. He thinks college teaching could be a good career even in a bad economy.
In conclusion, these days a college degree does not automatically lead to a good job with a high salary. Some students can only hope that the value of their degree will increase in the future.
7. This story mentions college graduates at ________________
A. San Jose State Career Center. B. San Jose Community College.
C. San Jose State University. D. San Jose Polytechnic High School.
8. The main idea of this story is that ________________
A. Ryan Stewart has not been able to find a job.
B. a college career center is a crossroads between college and the real world.
C. in some fields, salaries have increased in the past year.
D. between 1999 and 2003, the job market changed dramatically.
9. Which of the following things did not happen in the four years that the class of 2003 was in college?
A. Dot com opportunities decreased.
B. The number of teaching jobs increased.
C. Salaries in chemical engineering increased.
D. The number of jobs with benefits decreased.
10. Which of the following majors has the best job prospects, according to the story?
A. Information systems management.
B. Accounting.
C. Computer science.
D. Teaching.
D
Steve Nash scored seven of his 39 points in overtime(加时赛) after hitting a game-tying three-pointer in regulation, and the Phoenix Suns earned their first trip to the Western Conference finals in 12 years with a thrilling（激动人心的） 130-126 victory over Dallas on Friday. Phoenix won two straight games to take this series 4-2 and set up a meeting with the San Antonio Spurs beginning Sunday. It will be the Suns' first appearance in the conference finals since their NBA Finals season in 1993. Nash continues to back up his VP status(最有价值球员) with memorable games. In addition to his 39 points, he grabbed(抓住) nine rebounds and handed out 12 assists -- continually setting up his teammates for clutch field goals at key moments in the game. His leaning three-pointer with 5.7 seconds left in regulation tied the game and quieted an American Airlines Center crowd that used to cheer for him when he played for the avericks.
11. According to the news, which of the following statements is true?
A. It was the first time that The Phoenix Suns had gotten to the Western Conference finals.
B. Steve Nash played an important role in the Phoenix Suns’ earning their trip to the Western Conference finals.
C. The Phoenix Suns will defeat the San Antonio Spurs.
D. Nash just played for The Phoenix Suns.
12. What does the underlined part “back up” mean?
A. go backward B. block C. support D. change
E
A technology for finding Web sites by typing words into the address bar of a browser(浏览) is coming out in South orea after failing in the United States, and could make the Internet more accessible(可用的) for non-English speakers.
The technology is the work of a company called Netpia that aims to cut out search engines. It already works for hundreds of thousands of orean-language addresses recognized by Netpia’s database（数据库）, and the company is testing it in another 95 languages.
Web site operators have to register key words with Netpia, for a fee, to make the service work.
“Two-thirds of the world use non-English language and if this technology is adopted（采用）, it will make it much easier to find a Web site and thus boost（增强，提高） cyber transactions and accessibility to Web information,” Lee Pan-jung, chief executive at Netpia, said in a recent intervie
“People feel more comfortable with their mother language and this technology is a very useful tool to spur（激励，策动）the use of the Internet as it appeals（引起兴趣） even to children and elderly people with no knowledge of English.”
A U.S. company called Realnames had offered a similar keyword addressing service and once tried to take over Netpia. But the deal failed and Realnames stopped operations last year after icrosoft Corp. ended a partnership that made the service work with its Explorer browser.
Some analysts are pessimistic（悲观的） about whether it can compete with search engines such as Google, which is available in some 90 languages.
“I don’t expect many to register additional addresses. Only some corporate（社团的 公司的） clients （顾客）are likely to do so,” said Parong-min, an analyst at Samsung Securities.
“People are likely to prefer running search engines than trying keyword address in the first place when they are not sure whether such addresses exist or not.”
13. The new technology can make computer users________.
A. find web sites by search engines
B. find web sites by typing their native languages into the address bar of browser
C. create their own websites easier
D. run their computers much faster
14. If you want to use this new technology, you _______.
A. can get the service for free
B. must go to Netpia’s database
C. mustn’t use search engines, especially Google
D. must pay for the service
15. According to the passage which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. A U.S company—Realnames once worked with icrosoft Corp.
B. The new technology will even make the elder people with no knowledge of English interested in the internet.
C. any people including the author are pessimistic about the new technology.
D. It’s not clear whether the new technology will take the place of search engine.
16. The best title of the passage should be________.
A. non-English search tool takes the web world wider
B. more and more people begin to use non-English search tool
C. non-English search tool takes the place of search engines
D. Netpia defeats Realnames
F
It is clear that women's roles have changed greatly in recent years. Women have lost some of the control over small children that they formerly enjoyed as the “primary teacher”, for they are now competing with school teachers and the TV set, among other forces. Women have also suffered a loss in their traditional economic role. The food crops women once produced have been replaced with imported（进口的） food in many parts of icronesia today. Locally grown, breadfruit and bananas have been replaced by rice, bread, and other foreign-bought foodstuffs（食品）.
en, of course, have suffered a similar fate. In fact, when the moderator（仲裁） called for a vote on whether male or female roles had changed more in recent years, most felt that men had suffered even greater changes than women. en, for instance, are not required to go fishing as often as they once did since the store offers a selection of frozen and canned protein items from abroad. They too seem to have found their teaching roles weakened.
The difference, as one participant put it, is this. If men's traditional roles have eroded(受侵蚀) over time, new roles have taken the place of the old. When women's roles were lost in the course of change, however, they were never replaced. Women, who were once seen as contributors（贡献者） to their society on a par（同等） with men, are now becoming ever more economically ignored. They are seen primarily as housewives dependent upon male bread-winners, in the words of one person. en have been generally given access(通道) to new roles in the modern society, while women have not.
17. What’s the main idea of this passage?
A. en’s role in society.
B. Women’s role in society.
C. The difference between the chances of men’s role in society and women’s.
D. en and women should be on a par
18. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “put it” in the 3rd paragraph?
A. say B. lay C. correct D. brake
19. We can learn from the passage that _________
A. women love their own children so much that they can not work as teachers.
B. in many parts of icronesia people today mainly live on Locally grown breadfruit and bananas.
C. as contributors to society, women were never treated equal(平等).
D. when traditional roles’ change take place, men are much easier to get new ones.
20. The writer gives an example that men are not required to go fishing as often as they did before to support the idea that______
A. It’s clear that women’s roles have greatly increased in recent years
B. It’s clear that men’s roles have changed much more
C. It’s clear that men’s roles have been weakened much more
D. en’s contribution to society have been weakened
二、写作
第一节：短改错 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
Good morning! Tonight the main news is about the
bad weather we had. Storms were reported in all part 21. ____________
of the country. In the north many roads were closed because 22. ____________
high winds. ain roads near Glasgow are blocked 23. ____________
by trees. In south too, heavy rains and storms were 24. ____________
reported. Near Dover fifty houses were flooded but 25. ____________
last night a lorry(货车)was blown over by the wind. In the east 26. ____________
a few of areas were flooded. any small boats 27. ____________
missing and this morning only one boat was found on the land 28. ____________
two miles away the river. Things are also bad in the west. Two villages29._____________
were flooded by the river. Four peoples nearly 30. ____________
drowned(淹死，溺死)in the flood. No storms are expected tomorro
第二节 书面表达
在日常生活中，因特网起着越越重要的作用。请根据下表所给提示为英报写一篇题为“On the Internet”的征稿。
因特网的重要用途：
信息看国内外新闻，获取其他信息。
通讯发e-mail，打电话。
学习网上学校，阅读各种书籍，自学外语。
娱乐欣赏音乐，观看体育比赛，棋牌游戏。
生活购物，聊天。
注意：
1. 征稿必须包括表内所有信息，行连贯通顺。
2.词数为100词左右。
【试题答案】
一、1—5 DDCCA 6—10 BCDCB
11. B。主要叙述纳什在比赛中的突出表现，从篮板助攻及得分的数据统计上可看出其在太阳队中的中心作用。
12. C
13. B。第一段
14. D。第三段
15. C。一些专家们对新技术持低调悲观态度，而作者是用客观的语气叙述，没有夹杂自己的观点。
16. A。新技术的出现可以满足多种语言的网络应用，会吸引很多不会英的甚至老人孩子，可见其拓宽了网络的使用。
17. C。综合全，男性和女性在社会发展中作用及角色都发生变化，但变化不同，尤其最后一段明确的表述了这一区别。
18. A
19. D。最后一段，尤其最后两句话
20. B。第二段第二句。
二、第一节
21. part→ parts
22. because 后加of
23. are→ were
24. in 后加the
25. but →and
26. √
27. 去掉of
28. missing →missed
29. are →were
30. peoples →people
第二节 书面表达：
On the Internet
The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life. On the Internet, we can learn news both at home and abroad and all kinds of other information as well. We can also send messages by e-mail, make phone calls, go to net school, read various kinds of books and learn foreign languages by ourselves. Besides, we can enjoy music, watch sports matches and play chess or cards. On the Internet, we can even do shopping, have a chat with others and make friends with them. In a word, the Internet has made our life more colorful.