逍遥右脑 2013-01-29 13:40
Unit 5 First aid
核心单词
1. aid
n.& vi. 帮助；援助；资助
vt.&n. 帮助;援助;救助
They aided flood victims. 他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。
They aided in solving the problem. 他们帮忙解决这个问题。
常用结构:
first aid 急救
aid sb. 帮助某人
aid sb. with sth. 帮助某人(做)某事
in aid of 支持;为……筹措
aid sb. in (doing) sth. 在……方面帮助某人
联想拓展
表示一般意义的“帮助”或“援助”时，aid 是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“助手”、“辅助用品”时，aid是可数名词。如：A dictionary is an important aid in learning a new language.(字典是学习一种新语言的重要工具)。用作动词时，搭配为aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人（做）某事(其中的 to 不可省略)，也可用于 aid sb. in doing sth.帮助某人(做)某事。
易混辨析
aid/help/assistance
aid 表示经济或其他方面给予的帮助或援助，多指强者(或足够者)援助弱者，多用于团体。
help 指给人精神或物质上的帮助，强调受助者的需要，有利于达到一定的目的或目标。
assistance 多指个人给予道义、知识、物质等方面的帮助，所提供的帮助往往只起辅助作用。
高手过招
单句改错 (原创)
①The family lived on government aids for two years.
②We may travel on/under the aid of a good map.
③We，ve aided him finish the work ahead of time.
答案：①aids→aid ②on/under→with ③finish→to finish或in finishing
2. injury
n. 损伤；伤害
any common injuries happen every day in the home.
家庭中每天都有许多常见的意外伤害。
常用结构:
do sb. an injury 伤害某人
be an injury to sb./sth. 伤害；危害某人/某事
escape injury 免受伤害
repair injury 赔偿损害
serious／severe injuries 重伤
a slight injury 轻伤
In the crash he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms.
在事故中他头部和双臂受了重伤。
易混辨析
injure/wound/hurt
injure指人在意外事故中受到的伤害,用于无生命物体的损坏，更多用于表示对人的某个部位的损伤。
wound 指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害。是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上的受伤。也指感情受伤。
hurt 指的伤害与injure 同样严重，也可指较轻的疼痛，常指因不小心而引起的痛苦或意外地受到伤害。hurt 也可指对人的感情的伤害。
Your remark may injure her pride.
你的话也许会伤她的自尊。
Blood gushed from his wound.血从他的伤口涌出。
Hurt other people, hurt yourself.害人害己。
高手过招
选词填空(injure/hurt/wound) （原创）
①Ten soldiers were killed and thirty serious .
②He was deeply by her dishonesty.
③I my back lifting that box.
④In the traffic accident ten were killed and eight were .
⑤She felt at your words.
⑥The bullet him in the shoulder.
答案：①wounded ②hurt ③hurt ④injured ⑤hurt ⑥wounded
3. situation
n. 形势;处境;事态;局面;位置
易混辨析
situation/state/condition
situation指一定时期内总的情况、形势、事态，亦可指国际、国内形势，是可数名词。
state用单数形式表示人或事物的情况及状况，如外貌、心理、外观等方面，可与不定冠词连用，常用于in a state of或in a... state。
condition的单数形式表示人或物本身的状况，在这个意思上与state相近；而复数形式则指事物之外的环境与情况，与circumstances意思相近。
When he later grew to dislike Eliza, he faced a difficult situation.
当他接下对伊丽莎的讨厌与日俱增的时候，他陷入了一种困难的境地。
After that I give the students various situations and they make up sentences about them.
从那以后，我提供给学生各种各样的情境，他们依照这些情境造句。
His business is in a good state. 他的生意很好。
The condition of the house was so bad that nothing could make it safe to live in.
房屋的条太差了以至于不能安全地住在里面。
温馨提示
situation与condition, occasion, point, case一样，后常用where, in which引导定语从句。
Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?你能想像出可以使用这个单词的语境吗？
高手过招
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 （原创）
①He，s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane.
②I can ,t think of the situation I meet my father.
③They have to think of a good idea to cope with the situation they face.
答案：①where ②where ③that/which
4. damage
vt.& n. 损害；毁坏
易混辨析
ruin/destroy/damage
ruin强调毁灭的彻底性，并且是一次性的行动。这种毁灭也许力量不是很大，但其严重性却使其不能修复,它强调的是毁坏的长期结果。
destroy指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复，有时用于比喻意义。
damage则指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西，一般还可以修复。
The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。
The house across the street is in ruins.
街道对面的房子已是一片废墟。
He has destroyed my hope. 他破坏了我的希望。
The earthquake destroyed a lot of buildings.
地震毁坏了许多楼房。
The bridge was damaged by the flood.
那座桥梁被洪水损坏了。
温馨提示
destroy只能用作动词，而ruin和damage既能用作动词又能用作名词。
高手过招
单项填空
An earthquake struck this area, a lot of damage. (2010•01•东青岛二中模块检测)
A.aking B. causing C. done D. Caused
解析:选B。make与damage不能搭配使用；“造成损失、损害”用do/cause damage；此处的动词与前面的句子构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以需用现在分词作结果状语。
5. present
n.礼物；目前
adj.在场;出席;当前的
v.颁发;授予;赠给
常用结构：
be present at 出席
the present day=today 今天
at present／at the present time＝now 现在
for the present=for the time being 暂时
the present 现在(相当于名词)
present sb. with sth=present sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人
present?day attitudes/fashion现在的态度/流行款式
联想拓展
present作动词，表示“给予，赠送”之意，常用于present sth.to sb.或present sb.with sth.搭配中，此外，present作动词还有“呈现，显示；阐述，表达；引见”等意思。
①作形容词既可作前置修饰语，也可作表语，常意为“现存的；现在的；在场的；出席的”等。
②作不可数名词时，表示区别于过去或将的“现在”；作可数名词时，意为“礼物”。
The same problem presented itself to her again.
同样的问题又在她身上出现。
He presented the school with a check for one million dollars.他赠予学校一张一百万美元的支票。
ay I present you to my husband?
我可以把您介绍给我丈夫吗?
We learn from the past, experience the present and hope for success in the future.
我们学习过去，体验现在，希望成就未。
I got many presents for my birthday.我收到很多生日礼物。
高手过招
单项填空
①There are plenty of jobs in the western part of the country. （2010•01•陕西西安二中检测）
A. Present B. available
C. Precious D. convenient
②All the people at the party were all his supporters. （2010•01•江苏南京检测）
A. Present B. thankful
C. Interested D. Important
解析: ①选B。present在场的；available可用的;可得到的;precious珍贵的;convenient方便的。根据句意,应选B。
②选A。(be) present at意为“出席、在场”，符合句意。
重点短语
6. fall ill
生病
Hearing the bad news, he fell ill. 听到坏消息后，他病了。
联想拓展
fall behind 落后
fall sick 生病
fall asleep 入睡
fall down 掉下；倒塌
fall in love with ... 爱上……
fall off 脱落；减少；从……上掉下
fall into the habit of ... 养成……的习惯
fall over 跌倒；翻倒；落到……上
fall silent 沉默
高手过招
完成句子 （原创）
①不久后他就病倒了，而且一病不起。
He soon after and did not recover.
②形势严峻，不进则退。
Given the pressing situation, we must move forward, or we will .
③这家报纸的发行量开始锐减。
The circulation of the newspaper began to sharply.
答案：①fell ill ②fall behind ③fall off
7. in place
在适当的位置；适当
I like everything to be in place.
我喜欢所有的东西都放在原的地方。
With everything in place, she started the slide sho
一切就绪，她开始放幻灯片。
联想拓展
be in/out of order 有条理/无条理；坏了
be in/out of control 正常/失控
be in/out of danger 有危险/脱离危险
in place of...＝take the place of... 代替；取代
give place to 被……取代；让位于……
out of place 不在适当的位置；
不合适
高手过招
(1)单项填空
His efforts to raise money for his program were because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. （2009•湖北）
A. in place B. in sight
C. in effect D. in vain
(2)完成句子 （原创）
①你可以用木柴取代煤。
You can use wood coal.
②棉花要取代丝绸。
Cotton is silk.
③你的提议很恰当。
Your proposal is quite .
解析:(1) 选D。考查介词短语。根据下“no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets”可知,为集资做出的努力都白费了，故选in vain(白费力)。in place在适当位置;in sight 在视线内;in effect 实际上。
(2)①in place of ②taking the place of
③in place
8. make a difference
有很大差别；有很大不同；有很大的关系/影响
Whether he could get the support from his parents made a great difference to the plan.
他是否能得到父母的支持对这个计划的影响很大。
Does it any difference whether he?ll attend the meeting?
他出不出席会议有什么区别吗？
联想拓展
make a difference between ...and ... 区别对待……
make some difference to对…… 有些关系
make no difference to 对……没有关系
make all the difference 关系重大；大不相同
高手过招
翻译句子 （原创）
①这次旅行对他以后的人生很有影响。
②让警察知道一些证据关系重大。
答案：①The travel made a difference to his later life.
②It makes all the difference to inform the policemen of some evidence.
重点句型
9. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。
unless是连词，意为“如果不，除非”。在真实条句中，unless引导的肯定条状语从句，可以和if...not...引导的否定状语从句互换。
Unless you change your mind，I won，t be able to help you.
=If you don?t change your mind，I won ’t be able to help you.
除非你改变想法，否则我不能帮助你。
I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop.
=I want you to keep working if I don’t tell you to stop.
如果我没说让你停，你就得继续干。
注意：unless 不可用于假想的事情，因此当if...not引导非真实条状语从句时，一般不可改用unless。
高手过招
单项填空
①All the dishes in this menu, otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. （2009•全国Ⅱ）
A. As B. if C. though D. unless
②Don’t promise anything you are one hundred percent sure. （2008•浙江）
A. Whether B. after C. how D. unless
③ you have tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is. (2006•北京)
A.Unless B. Because C. Although D. When
④We don’t keep winning games we keep playing well. (2006•浙江)
A.Because B. unless C. when D. While
解析: ①选D。考查状语从句的引导词。句意为：在这份菜单上的所有菜，除非另外说明，会给两到三个人食用。
②选D。句意为：除非你有完全的把握，否则不要做出承诺。unless除非。
③选A。句中unless意为“如果不”,可以与if...not互换。
④选B。unless意为“除非”,强调条，符合句意。
10. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
约翰正在房里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。
此句型中when作并列连词,相当于and then,意为“正当……时，突然”。
常用结构：
be doing...when... 正在做……突然……
had done...when... 刚做了……突然……
be about to do...when... 刚要做……突然……
be on the point of doing sth. when... 刚要做……突然……
高手过招
单项填空
①She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
（2009•福建）
A. When B. while C. after D. since
②We were swimming in the lake suddenly the storm started.
A. When B. while C. until D. before
③I along the street looking for a place to park when the accident .
A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred
C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred
解析: ①选A。由句意可知此处when用作并列连词，意为“这时”。②选A。when作连词，表示“正在这时”。句意为：我们正在湖中游泳，突然暴风雨了。③选C。主句要用过去进行时,表示当时正在路上走着；when引导的从句多用一般过去时。