逍遥右脑 2016-03-06 12:05
过去进行时的概念：
过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。其形式为was /were + V-ing。
常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last night, last Saturday等；或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。
过去进行时的基本用法：
1、主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作：
如：He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
We were expecting you yesterday. 我们昨天一直在等你。
He was playing while I was studying. 我在做功课时他在玩。
2、过去进行时表示现在：
用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。
如：I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。
We were hoping you would stay with us. 我们很希望你能跟我们住在一起。
How much did you want to spend, sir? 先生，您打算花多少钱？
【注】一般过去时也有类似用法，但比较而言，用过去进行时显得更客气，更不肯定。
3、过去进行时表示感情色彩：
与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩，也通常与always, forever, continually等副词连用。
如：They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。
The boy was continually asking questions. 这个男孩子老是问东问西的。
4、动词be的过去进行时：
动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。
如：He was friendly. 他很友好。(指过去长期如此)
He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现)
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别：
（1）过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。
如：He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完)
He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完)
（2）表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词（如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice）可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。
如：I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。
（3）一般过去时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”；
而过去进行时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情的色彩。
如： He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。
He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。
（4）有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；
而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。
如：I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。
I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。
注：下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时：
1、表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。
如：Tom was getting up at six o'clock every day that week. 汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。
2、与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。
如：John was always coming to school late. 约翰上学总是迟到。
LeiFeng was always doing good deeds for the people. 雷锋总是为人民做好事。
3、用来描写故事发生的情景时。
如：It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river.
那是一个漆黑的夜晚，风刮得很厉害，雨下得很大，一个解放军战士突然出现在河岸上，他想过河去。
4、when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。
如：I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。
We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。
5、go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。
如：I was leaving for Wuhan that day. 那天我正要去武汉。
She was coming later. 她随后就来。
过去进行时的被动语态的概念：
表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动性的动作。过去进行时的被动语态构成：Was / were + being +动词的过去分词
如：They were planting trees at this time yesterday. （主动语态）
Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday. （过去进行时被动语态）
过去进行时态的被动语态的基本结构的构成：
1、过去进行时态的被动语态的肯定式为：was/were+being+done。
如：Computer was being majored by him during his college. 他那时正在大学学计算机专业。
Another bridgewas being built over the Changjiang River then. 那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。
2、过去进行时态的被动语态的否定式为：was/were+not+being+done。
如： The movie star wasn't being stalked by a fan. 那个电影明星正在被一个粉丝跟踪.
3、过去进行时态的被动语态的一般疑问句需将was/were提到主语的前面。（回答用yes或no）
如：Was a new library being put up in their school just then？他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗。
4、过去进行时态的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词+was/were+(主语)+being+done。
如：What was being done to the machine? 对这台机器要采取了什么措施？
过去进行时态的被动语态的用法：
1、过去进行时态的被动语态的同它的主动语态一样，表示过去正在进行的被动动作。
He is be inginter viewed by our head master now.他正在接受我们校长的采访。
This film is being shown now.这部电影正在被放映。
2、过去进行时态的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，这时需要用完成时态的被动语态。
如：The watch is being repaired twice. 改成 The watch has been reparied twice.
The house over there is being built for two months. 改成The house over there has been built for two months.
4、少数及物动词的的进行时表示按计划、安排将要承受某个动作。
如：Some rock music is being played by them next.下面将由他们演奏一些摇滚音乐。
A party is being held tonight.今晚将举办一场晚会。