逍遥右脑 2016-03-01 10:57
带介词的定语从句是定语从句学习的重要内容，也是高考重要考点，学习时要注意下列几点：
一、明确介词位置，把握介词使用要求
关系代词whom或which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，介词可放在后面，也可提前构成“介词＋关系代词whom(先行词指人)/which(先行词指物)”引导定语从句。
This is the girl whom I borrowed a book from.
=This is the girl from whom I borrowed a book.这就是我向她借书的那个女孩。
Is this the room which he once lived in?
=Is this the room in which he once lived?这是他曾经住过的房子吗?
但下列情况下介词不能提前。
(1)用who代替whom，that代替which时介词不能提前。
He's the boy who I learned English from.这是我向他学英语的男孩。
This is the room that he once lived in.这是他曾住过的房间。
(2)当whom,which省去时介词不能提前。
Is he the boy you went there with?他是你和他一起去那儿的男孩吗?
This is the room he lived in.这是他住过的房间。
(3)当从句中的谓语是一个动词短语时，动词短语中的介词不能拆开提前。
You're the very man whom I'm looking for.你正是我在找的那个人。
This is the program which he listened to.这就是他听过的节目。
二、了解关系代词省略的背景要求
关系代词whom或which在定语从句中作介词宾语且介词又放在后面时可以省去。
Can you find a girl(whom)I can go to Beijing with?你能替我找一个我可以和她一道去北京的女孩吗?
Is this the pen(which)you referred to yesterday?这是你昨天提到的那支笔吗?
但如果介词被提前，关系代词whom或which不能省略。
This is the boy on whom you can depend.这就是你可以依赖的那个男孩。(whom不可省)
My glasses without which I was almost like a blind man fell to the ground and broke into pieces.我的眼镜掉到地上摔成碎片，没有它我简直像个瞎子。(which不可省)
三、熟悉关系代词替换的背景要求
关系代词whom或which作介词宾语时，如果介词放在后面，可用who/that代替whom，that代替which。
Qiu Yike,a new ping?pong star at the 47th World Championships in Paris is the boy(who/whom/that)I'm proud of.邱贻可，47届巴黎世界乒乓球锦标赛上升起的明星，是我感到骄傲的对象。
This is the laboratory(that/which)he studies Sars in.这就是他研究Sars病毒的实验室。
但如果介词被提前，不可用who/that代替whom,也不可用that代替which。
This is the doctor with whom Xiao Wang fought Sars with.这就是小王和他一起与Sars病毒战斗的医生。(whom不能被who或that所替换)
This is the table on which lies a thick dictionary.这就是上面放着一本厚字典的桌子。(which不能被that所替换)
四、掌握带介词定语从句的几种创新形式
(一)介词＋whose引导定语从句
whose引导定语从句时，可出现创新句型：介词＋whose引导定语从句。解这种定语从句时需弄清从句的动词与先行词、whose后边的名词及定语从句主语之间的关系，并发挥合理想象，不难发现其中正确的逻辑关系。
She is the girl to whose brother I talked yesterday.她就是昨天我和其兄弟谈话的女孩。
析：分析the girl、brother和I之间的逻辑关系，不难发现我和女孩的兄弟谈话。
He is the boy for whose boss I work.他就是我为其老板打工的男孩。
析：分析the boy、boss和I之间的逻辑关系，不难发现我为男孩的老板打工。
(二)复杂介词＋whom/which引导定语从句
This is the hotel at the back of which is a small garden.这就是后面有一座花园的旅馆。
They came to a farm house in front of which sat a small boy.他们来到一家农房，前面坐着一个小男孩。
(三)数词(不定量数词)／含所属关系名词＋of whom/which引导定语从句
She has many books only one of which is interesting.她有许多书，只有一本是有趣的。
I have many friends,the tallest of whom is Wei Fang.我有许多朋友，个子最高的是魏芳。
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短语总结