逍遥右脑 2010-05-07 00:15
部分常见的错误举例如下:
1、未经允许,任何人不得入内。 误:Anybody can not come in without permission. 正:Nobody can come in without permission. "任何……不"是汉语中常用的否定句式,而在英语中与any构成的合成词或被any修饰的词语作主语时,谓语动词不能用否定式,因此any ... not的表达形式不符合英语的习惯。翻译这类句子时须用"否定形式的主语+肯定形式的谓语"。但当any的合成词或any所修饰的词带有后置定语时,谓语可以用否定式,如: 干那种事的人都是不诚实的。 Anyone who does that isn't honest.
2、听到这个消息后,没有一个人不感到兴奋。 误:Having heard the news, nobody did not feel excited. 正:Having heard the news, everybody felt excited. 汉语中常用"没有+主语+不+谓语"这一双重否定的结构,而英语中否定形式的主语习惯上不能与否定形式的谓语连用。因此nobody... not的结构不符合英语的表达习惯。翻译这类句子时,(1)可把主语和谓语都改成肯定形式;(2)也可用另一结构的双重否定式:there be +否定的主语 + 否定形式的定语从句,如: There was nobody who did not feel excited. 或:There was nobody but felt excited.
3、这两本书都不是英国出版的。 误:Both of the books are not published in England. 正:Neither of the books is published in England. 我不同意所有这些方案。 误:I don't agree to all these projects. 正:I agree to none of these projects. 或:I don't agree to any of these projects. 英语中的概括词all, every, both, 以及与every 构成的合成词,用语否定句式时,只表示部分否定,常译成"并非……都",因此两个错误译句的含义分别为:并非两本书都是英国出版的,并非所有这些方案我都同意。要表达全部否定意义时,英语须用全否定词语,如none neither, no, nobody, nothing, not…any, not…either等。
4、这台车床不能再用了,那台也一样。 误:This lathe can not be used any longer, and that one can't, too. 正:This lathe can not be used any longer, and that one cna't either. 或:This lathe can not be used any longer, neither (nor) can that one. 否定句中的"也"不能译成too,而须用either,或用neither(nor)的倒装句型。
5、你不必为你的军衔和薪金担心。 误:You won't have to worry about rank and pay. 正:You won't have to worry about rank or pay. 在肯定句中用and来连接两个并列成分,表示"和",但在否定句中and应改为or, 这时否定词对or的前后部分同时加以否定。
6、这些规章制度多不完善! 误:How not perfect the rules and regulations are! 正:How imperfect the rules and regulations are! 汉语中的感叹句可用否定式,如:多不光彩呀!多不容易呀!而英语中的感叹句不能用否定式,我们可用反义词或带有否定词缀的词来表示。
7、我认为这不值得一试。 误:I think this is not worth trying. 正:I don't think this is worth trying. 英语中表臆想、猜测的动词think, believe, fancy, expect, guess, imagine, suppose等,如果带有否定的宾语从句,宾语从句中的否定词通常提前,用来否定主句的谓语动词。尤其是think, 按习惯用法,否定词只能置于think前。