逍遥右脑 2010-04-14 21:12
1. 动名词的句法功能：动名词由动词加ing构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用，在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。
①作主语，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语，而把动名词后置。
eg. Seeing is believing. (眼见为实)
Saying is easier than doing.
Collecting stamps is a good hobby. (单个动名词短语作主语时，动词用单数)
动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法：
It is no use (good) 动名词：做某事没有用
Eg. It's no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收)
There is no 动名词 (= It is impossible to do sth.)
Eg. There is no knowing what may happen.（未来的事无法知道）
②作表语：通常是说明主语的内容，注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别
eg. His hobby is collecting stamps. (此句为SVC结构) 可改为：Collecting stamps is his hobby.
Cf. He is collecting stamps. (is collecting是谓语动词进行时，此句为SVO结构)
不能改为：Collecting stamps is he.
③作宾语
A. 作及物动词 的宾语(enjoy, mind, finish, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, escape, pratise, suggest, keep(on), miss)
eg. 2005年上海卷No.32
He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk _____ the good opportunity.
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
答案为B
有些动词（attempt, begin, continue, hate, like, love）后面既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语，意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性，用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。
Eg. I like swimming but I don't like to swim in winter.