小学英语:十类词性分类及用法
逍遥右脑 2018-10-22 08:48
some
用于肯定句中,在否定句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用。
如: Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?
代词
人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前。
主格分别是 I ,you, he, she, it ,we ,you ,they。
宾格做宾语用,一般放在动词或介词后。
宾格分别是me ,you, him, her ,it, us ,you ,them。
如:Open them for me.Let us …, join me等。
形容词性物主代词放在名词前,不能单独使用。
分别是my ,your, his ,her, its, our, your, their。
名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词,它只能单独使用后面不好加名词。
分别是mine ,yours ,his, hers ,its, ours, yours ,theirs。
介词
介词后要么不加动词,加动词只能加动词ing形式。
如:be good at running;
do well in jumping.
时间介词
季节前,月份前用介词in。
如:in summer;in March
具体的哪一天如星期几,几月几日用介词on。
如:on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning
在几点钟前用介词at
如:at a quarter to four
只在上下午晚上用in
如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;但在夜间用at night。
注:季节,月份和星期前不好加the.
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名词复数的构成方法有规则的有:
(1)直接在名词后加s
如:orange?oranges; photo?photos
(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 结尾的加es
如:box?boxes; glass?glasses; waitress?waitresses; watch?watches;peach--peaches
(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es
如:study?studies;library?libraries; hobby?hobbies; family?families
(4)以f, fe结尾的改f, fe 为v+es
如:knife?knives; thief?thieves
(注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es, mango?mangoes其余加s,)
不规则的有
man?men; woman?women; people?people; child?children
动词第三人称单数的构成
(1)直接在动词后加s
如:run?runs; dance?dances
(2)以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es
如:do?does;go?goes;wash?washes;catch?catches
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es
如:study?studies; carry?carries
现在分词的构成
(1)直接在动词后加ing
如:sing?singing; ski?skiing
(2)双写词尾加ing
如:swim?swimming; jog?jogging;run?running
(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing
如:ride?riding; dance?dancing; make?making
规则动词过去式的构成
(1)直接在动词后加ed
如:clean?cleaned; milk?milked; play?played
(2)以e结尾的直接加d
如:dance?danced; taste?tasted
(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed
如:study?studied;carry?carried
(4)双写词尾加ed
如:stop?stopped; jog?jogged
不规则的有:
am,is?was; are?were; do,does?did; have,has?had; go?went; meet?met; sit?sat; see?saw; get?got; tell?told; run?ran; come?came; steal?stole; read?read
形容词副词比较级的构成规则的有
(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er
如:small?smaller; low?lower
(2)以e结尾的加r
如:late?larer
(3)双写词尾加er
如:big?bigger; thin?thinner; fat?fatter
(4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er
如:heavy?heavier; early?earlier
不规则的有
good, well?better(最高级为best); many, much--- more(最高级为most); far---farther
Rain和Snow的用法
(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词
如:There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那儿的春天有很多雨水。
(2) 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪,有四种形式分别是:
动词原形rain, snow;
第三人称单数rains ,snows;
现在分词raining; snowing;
过去式rained; snowed。
如:
①Look! It is raining now.瞧!天正在下雨。
②It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天经常下雨。
③ It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。
④It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。
(3)形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的
如:It is often rainy here in spring.这儿的春天经常是有雨的。
If it is rainy tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.如果明天是有雨的,我将呆在家里。
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