逍遥右脑 2018-10-05 16:24
被动语态类知识点
1. take place等能用于被动语态吗
Great changes ______ in China since 1978.
A. have taken place B. took placeC. have been taken placeD. were taken place
此题应选A。首先要排除C, D, 因为take place(发生)是不及物动词, 所以不能用被动语态；另一方面, 因为句子中的since 1978, 所以句子宜用现在完成时A。
大家知道, 不及物动词没有被动语态(因为不及物动词没有宾语，转换成被动语态便没有主语)。但这里要注意的是：由于受汉语的影响，有些不及物动词很容易被考生误认为是及物动词，从而误用被动语态。这类易用错的动词主要的有take place 发生 / happen 发生 / come about 发生 / breakout 爆发 / appear出现 / disappear 消失 / last 持续 等)。
他出什么事了?
误：What was [is] happened to him?
正：What has happened to him?
每四年举行一次选举。
误：Elections are taken place every four years.
正：Elections take place every four years.
我不知道这事是怎么发生的。
误：I don’t know how this thing was come about.
正：I don’t know how this thing came about.
夜里起了一起火灾。
误：A fire was broken out during the night.
正：A fire broke out during the night.
2. 通常不用于被动语态的静态动词
那里的人缺乏食物。
1. People there lack food. (正)
2. Food is lacked by people there. (误)
从形式上看, 句2是句1的相应的被动形式，既然句1为正句，那么句2从理论上说应该是成立的。而事实上句2却是个错句。
在英语中，并不是所有的及物动词都可以用于被动语态的, 有些动词(尤其是那些静态动词)尽管它们可以带宾语, 但却不用于被动语态, 这种动词考生容易弄错, 其中主要的有：have, lack, fit, suit, cost, let, like等：
他有一台电脑。
正：He has a computer.
误：A computer is had by him.
他当时正在洗澡。
正：He was taking a bath.
误：A bath was being had by him.
我的鞋不适合。
正：My shoes don’t fit me.
误：I am not fitted by my shoes.
这架钢琴花了她6000美元。
正：The piano cost her 6000 dollars.
误：She was cost her 6000 dollars.
误：6000 dollars was cost her.
这件衣服他穿很合适。
正：The coat suits him very well.
误：He is well suited by the coat.