逍遥右脑 2014-05-11 14:15
【读者按】先抓主干，找出复杂句中最核心的主谓宾语，再层层扩展。那么我们该怎么阅读呢？该怎么样理解呢？下面看看编辑的“英语知识点”
知识点总结
复习策略：
1、真题精读法
保证自己：1)没有一个长难句 2)没有一个生词 3)每个题能如何定位到原文
2、快速多变复习单词(快速多次)
3、定量、定范围阅读(五篇45分钟)
做题策略：
一、时间安排1:1(读文章和做题的时间安排是平均的)
二、解题步骤四步走
1、扫描题干，划出关键词
2、通读全文，抓住中心
1)通读全文
a.首段原则：文章的第一段逐字读明白，可以反复和回读
b.首末句原则：其余各段的段首、段尾句要细读，其他各句保持正常阅读
2)抓住中心
a. what’s the main idea of the passage?
b. 文章中有无提到核心概念
c. 作者大致态度
3、仔细审题，返回原文(定位)
1)关键词定位原则：由题干出发，寻找题干中的关键词，首选是大写字母、数字等，其次是表示时间、地点、人物的词
2) 自然段定位原则：
3) 长难句定位原则：
4)重叠选项，斟酌答案
常见考法
如何解析长难句
1.从句又多又长：一个主句带多个从句，从句中又含有从句
应对方法：先抓主干，找出复杂句中最核心的主谓宾语，再层层扩展
2.句子中带有长长的插入成分，用插入语来交待某句话是谁说的、或者是说话人的身份、或者是解释、说明前面的内容
应对方法：理解句子主干时，可以先不要理会插入语，先把主句的意思看完整，然后再看插入成分。
3、分词状语，独立主格结构的干扰
应对方法：主句最重要的特征就是有完整的主谓结构，尤其是独立的谓语部分。一个看似句子的结构，如果没有独立的谓语部分，它就不是句子，而是分词短语或独立主格，可跳过不看。
4.通常情况是三种情况的混合
应对方法：从前向后，抓住独立的谓语部分，从而区分出主语和分词状语。再根据从句的连接词，区分出主语和从句，层层扩展理解，插入语在哪个层次，就放在哪个层次中理解。
5.通常情况下长难句的基本语法结构
1) 形式主语或宾语2) 强调结构3) 非限定性定语从句4) 同位语从句5) 倒装6) 虚拟语气7) 省略
误区提醒
Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia(痴呆) in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones(荷尔蒙) , U.S. researchers reported on Thursday.
Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer’s(早老痴呆症). University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.
“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview. “They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.”
Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer’s and other forms of age-related brain decline.
“When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.
“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant—that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations(改变) to the brain.”
4. How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”?
A. Some researchers have told them.
B. Many women say so.
C. They know it by experimenting on rats.
D. They know it through their own experience.
5. What does the phrase “litters of pups” mean in the second paragraph?
A. Baby rats. B. Animals. C. Old rats. D. Grown-up rats.
6. What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage?
A. Estrogen. B. The hormones of pregnancy.
C. More exercise. D. Taking care of children.
7. “It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals.” What does the sentence suggest?
A. The experiments on the rats have nothing to do with humans.
B. The experiments on the rats are very important for animals.
C. The experiments on the rats are much the same on humans.
D. The experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals.
8. Which title is the best for this passage?
A. Do You Want to Be Smarter?
B. Motherhood Makes Women Smarter
C. Mysterious Hormones
D. An Important Study
本文介绍了一个观点：母性特点能使妇女变得更加聪明灵敏。
4. C。细节题。根据Tests on rats show… 可知科学家是通过做老鼠实验得出这个结论的。
5. A。词义猜测题。后面的对比who have no babies，实际上提供了一个相反的情况，所以我们可以推测those who raise two or more litters of pups中的litters of pups指的是“刚出生不久的小老鼠”。
6. B。细节题。根据文章第 3 段中的 …the hormones of pregnancy(怀孕) are protecting the brain可得出答案。
7. C。句意理解题。科学家通过用老鼠做实验来说明人的问题。因为人和老鼠都属于哺乳动物，很多生理机能都相同。
8. B。主旨题。短文第 1 句 Motherhood may make women smarter 是主题句，据此我们可以得出答案。
数学）
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