逍遥右脑 2018-03-03 12:41
不定代词类
1. 选这个不定代词全靠语境
A：Is ____ here?
B：No, Bob and Jim have asked for leave.
A. anybodyB. everybodyC. somebodyD. nobody
此题应选B。容易误选A, 认为这是疑问句, 所以要选 A。还有的考生可能会认为选C, 因为某些特殊情况下(比如表示邀请或请求等), some(thing)也可用于疑问句中。 此题的正确答案是B, 此题主要考察的不是不定代词的句型用法, 而是考察在一定的上下文(语境)如何选用适当的不定代词。
该题若不看下句, 选A / C也是可能的, 比如一个人晚上走进一个空房子, 就可能这样问, 其意大致为：这里有人吗?(用somebody比anybody肯定意味更强), 然而联系下句就很错了：首先, No用得很荒唐(既然回答No, 说明这里没有人, 那么答话的人又是什么呢?), 其次从后面的 Bob and Jim have asked for leave(鲍勃和吉姆请假了)来看, 这是显然是一个“查问人数”的情景。这样, 再回头来看看选项B就顺理成章了(Iseverybody here? ＝大家到齐了吗?)
以下两题都是测试不定代词在一定上下文的运用, 请你试着选一选(注意语境!)：
(1) I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _____.
A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing
(2) The office is empty because ____ has gone home.
A. everyoneB. someoneC. no oneD. all
答案：1. A 2. A
2. (a) little / (a) few用法要点
If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ____ money and ____ people.
A. less, lessB. fewer, fewerC. less, fewerD. fewer, less
此题的正确答案是C。此题主要考察不定代词 little和few 的比较等级及有关用法：little--less--least(修饰不可数名词)；few-- fewer--fewest(修饰可数名词)。
下面小结 (a) few 与 (a) little 的用法及区别：
(1) (a) few之后必须接复数可数名词。few 表示数量很少或几乎没有, 强调“少”, 含有否定意义；a few 表示数量虽然少, 但有几个, 强调“有”, 含有肯定意义。试体会：
His theory is very difficult, and few peopleunderstand it. 他的理论很深奥, 没有几个人能懂。
His theory is very difficult, but a few peopleunderstand it. 他的理论很深奥, 但是有些人懂。
(2) (a) little之后接不可数名词, little 与 a little其区别跟 few 和a few 之间的区别相同。如：
Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸而我身上带着一点钱。
Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧, 我身上没带什么钱
(3) 一般说来, 在 only, still, quite, not等词之后通常用a few 或 a little, 而在 very, some, the, no, so 等词之后通常用 few 或 little：
I have only a little money. 我只有一点点钱。
Very few people like him. 喜欢他的人很少。
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